ReviewDrug design, development and therapy2017
Historical development of vaginal microbicides to prevent sexual transmission of HIV in women: from past failures to future hopes.
Review in Drug design, development and therapy, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sustained release and efficacy of Kn2-7-loaded chitosan nanoparticles under low pH conditions.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Friend or foe: divergent immunomodulatory effects of metabolites derived from the virucidal zinc finger inhibitor SAMT-247.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Sexual Practices and HIV Prevention Strategies Used by Female Sex Workers in Lagos, Nigeria: An Assessment of the Willingness to Use a Microbicide.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Article
- Structure-Guided Antiviral Peptides Identification Targeting the HIV-1 Integrase.ACS physical chemistry Au · 2024Article
- Broadly neutralizing antibodies consistently trap HIV-1 in fresh cervicovaginal mucus from select individuals.Acta biomaterialia · 2023Article
- HIV-1 transmission: modelling and direct visualization in the third dimension.Microscopy (Oxford, England) · 2023Review
- A brief history and future prospects of contraception.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Review
- A computational overview of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) against emerging and evolving drug-resistant HIV-1 integrase mutants.Archives of microbiology · 2023Review
- Baseline and time-updated factors in preclinical development of anionic dendrimers as successful anti-HIV-1 vaginal microbicides.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology · 2022Review
- Safety and efficacy of G2-S16 dendrimer as microbicide in healthy human vaginal tissue explants.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Article
- Safety of G2-S16 Polyanionic Carbosilane Dendrimer as Possible HIV-1 Vaginal Microbicide.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Evaluation of the novel vaginal contraceptive agent PPCM in preclinical studies using sperm hyaluronan binding and acrosome status assays.Andrology · 2022Article
- Enzyme Responsive Vaginal Microbicide Gels Containing Maraviroc and Tenofovir Microspheres Designed for Acid Phosphatase-Triggered Release for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis of HIV-1: A Comparative Analysis of a Bigel and Thermosensitive Gel.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Preclinical Testing of Vaccines and Therapeutics for Gonorrhea in Female Mouse Models of Lower and Upper Reproductive Tract Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Human TRIM5α: Autophagy Connects Cell-Intrinsic HIV-1 Restriction and Innate Immune Sensor Functioning.Viruses · 2021Review
- Mucoadhesive Microspheres of Maraviroc and Tenofovir Designed for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis of HIV-1: An in vitro Assessment of the Effect on Vaginal Lactic Acid Bacteria Microflora.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
- Emergence of Nanotechnology to Fight HIV Sexual Transmission: The Trip of G2-S16 Polyanionic Carbosilane Dendrimer to Possible Pre-Clinical Trials.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- The Role of Volume in the Perceptibility of Topical Vaginal Formulations: User Sensory Perceptions and Experiences of Heterosexual Couples During Vaginal Sex.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2020Article
- Amino Functionalized Micro-Mesoporous Hybrid Particles for the Sustained Release of the Antiretroviral Drug Tenofovir.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a global public health concern and is particularly serious in low- and middle-income countries. Widespread sexual violence and poverty, among other factors, increase the risk of infection in women, while currently available prevention methods are outside the control of most. This has driven the study of vaginal microbicides to prevent sexual transmission of HIV from men to women in recent decades. The first microbicides evaluated were formulated as gels for daily use and contained different substances such as surfactants, acidifiers and monoclonal antibodies, which failed to demonstrate efficacy in clinical trials. A gel containing the reverse transcriptase inhibitor tenofovir showed protective efficacy in women. However, the lack of adherence by patients led to the search for dosage forms capable of releasing the active principle for longer periods, and hence to the emergence of the vaginal ring loaded with dapivirine, which requires a monthly application and is able to reduce the sexual transmission of HIV. The future of vaginal microbicides will feature the use of alternative dosage forms, nanosystems for drug release and probiotics, which have emerged as potential microbicides but are still in the early stages of development. Protecting women with vaginal microbicide formulations would, therefore, be a valuable tool for avoiding sexual transmission of HIV.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.