ArticleJournal of infection and public health
Morbidity and mortality amongst Indian Hajj pilgrims: A 3-year experience of Indian Hajj medical mission in mass-gathering medicine.
Article in Journal of infection and public health. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of Diabetes and Hypertension among Hajj Pilgrims: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Acceptability and adherence to antiseptic gargling among Malaysian umrah pilgrims: A mixed-methods quasi-experimental pilot study.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2026Article
- From Crowd to Care: Telemedical Delegation in Mass Gathering Medicine and Its Projected Impact on Hospital Transport-A Modified Delphi Study with Retrospective Modelling.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Assessment of Glycemic Control Among Prospective Hajj Pilgrims With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Tangerang City, Indonesia.Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies · 2026Article
- Epidemiological patterns of general surgical emergencies during Hajj pilgrimage: a 10-year retrospective cohort study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Deployed national healthcare services in Hajj mass gathering settings: emergency department experience of Makkah Diyanet Hospital during the 2025 Hajj period.BMC emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Epidemiological analysis of respiratory pathogen detection in 11 regions of Yunnan from 2021 to 2023.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Critical determinants of morbidity and adverse outcomes during the Hajj using the Haddon matrix and the combined model.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Hospitalization, mortality, and health service delivery pattern among Iranian Hajj pilgrims by age, sex, and province in 2013-22.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Experiences of Indonesian nurses as Hajj health personnel in caring for Hajj pilgrims: A qualitative study.Belitung nursing journal · 2024Article
- Article
- Prevalence of emergency cases among pilgrims presenting at King Abdulaziz International Airport Health Care Center at Hajj Terminal, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia during Hajj Season, 1440 H - 2019.Dialogues in health · 2023Article
- Towards a better understanding between non-Muslim primary care clinicians and Muslim patients: A literature review intended to reduce health care inequities in Muslim patients.Health policy OPEN · 2023Review
- Community pharmacists' knowledge, prospective and practice towards health related illness at Hajj and Umrah: A cross sectional study.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2023Article
- The Impact of Classical Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Hospitalization and Mortality among Hajj Pilgrims.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2023Article
- Evaluation of trauma cases in different types of mass gathering events.Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES · 2022Article
- Pattern of utilization, disease presentation, and medication prescribing and dispensing at 51 primary healthcare centers during the Hajj mass gathering.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- A Saudi Arabian Public Health Perspective of Tuberculosis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Annual variations of Haemophilus influenzae carriage among Hajj pilgrims.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Hajj, a mass-gathering of over 3.5-million pilgrims, faces challenges to global health-security, housing, food, water, transportation, communication, sanitation, crowd-control and security. The Indian Medical Mission extended health-security to approximately 140,000 pilgrims, through outreach medical teams, primary-care clinics, tent-clinics, secondary-care hospitals and evacuation capabilities. Data on medical attendance, bed-occupancy, investigations, referrals, medication usage and deaths was compared. Outpatient attendance was 374,475 in static-clinics, 5135 in tent-clinics and 13,473 through task-forces. 585 (62.90%) in-patients were hospitalized amongst 930 secondary-care referrals. Secondary-care bed-days were 2106 with average bed-occupancy being 77.78%. 495 patients were institutionalized in tertiary-care Saudi-Arabian hospitals. Infectious diseases were most commonly (53.26%) encountered due to overwhelming respiratory-infections, followed by trauma (24.40%). Analgesics (66.38/100 patients) and antibacterials (48.34/100 patients) were frequently prescribed. Crude mortality amongst Indian pilgrims was 11.99/10,000. Risk-factors associated with high morbidity were old-age and pre-existing comorbidities. Overwhelming surge of patients facilitates transmission of communicable infections and leads to stress induced physical, mental and compassion fatigue amongst healthcare personnel. Respiratory infections are highly prevalent and easily transmissible during Hajj leading to significant morbidity, increased burden to existing health facilities, overwhelming costs on health systems and globalization of multiresistant pathogens. Diabetic patients should avoid heat exposure and use protective footwear during Hajj rituals. Mass-gathering medicine at Hajj can be optimized by improving patient knowledge on performing Hajj at a younger age, medicine compliance, avoiding self-medication, self-monitoring of hypertension, blood glucose, and preventive health measures; screening of pre-existing comorbidities; and resource augmentation with telemedicine networks and decision-support systems.
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Registered trials
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