SynthesisEBioMedicine2017
The NOD2-Smoking Interaction in Crohn's Disease is likely Specific to the 1007fs Mutation and may be Explained by Age at Diagnosis: A Meta-Analysis and Case-Only Study.
Synthesis in EBioMedicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Gene-Environment Interactions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review of Human Epidemiologic Studies.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2025Pooled it
- Global smoking trends in inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review of inception cohorts.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Co-occurrence of Asthma and the Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Clinical and translational gastroenterology · 2018Pooled it
- The global burden of inflammatory bowel disease: from 2025 to 2045.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- Epidemiology and the cost burden of hospitalized pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease in China: A national database study.Pediatric investigation · 2025Article
- NOD2 and Crohn's Disease Clinical Practice: From Epidemiology to Diagnosis and Therapy, Rewired.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2025Review
- A20 Alleviates the Inflammatory Response in Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells by Promoting Autophagy.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Forecasting the Incidence and Prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Canadian Nationwide Analysis.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2024Article
- How autophagy, a potential therapeutic target, regulates intestinal inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Article
- Oral supplementation with selected Lactobacillus acidophilus triggers IL-17-dependent innate defense response, activation of innate lymphoid cells type 3 and improves colitis.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The Genetics of Postoperative Recurrence in Crohn Disease: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Framework for Future Work.Crohn's & colitis 360 · 2021Article
- Insight Into Polysaccharides FromFrontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Opportunities and challenges in using real-world data for health care.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Review
- The Impact of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Canada 2018: Children and Adolescents with IBD.Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology · 2019Article
- Boosting mTOR-dependent autophagy via upstream TLR4-MyD88-MAPK signalling and downstream NF-κB pathway quenches intestinal inflammation and oxidative stress injury.EBioMedicine · 2018Article
- Interaction Between NOD2 and Smoking in the Pathogenesis of Crohn's Disease.EBioMedicine · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundNOD2 and smoking are risk factors for Crohn's disease. We meta-analyzed NOD2-smoking interactions in Crohn's disease (Phase 1), then explored the effect of age at diagnosis on NOD2-smoking interactions (Phase 2).
methodsPhase 1: MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for studies (n=18) providing data on NOD2 and smoking in Crohn's disease. NOD2-smoking interactions were estimated using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated using random effects models. Phase 2: A case-only study compared the proportion of smokers and carriers of the 1007fs variant across ages at diagnosis (≤16, 17-40, >40years).
findingsPhase 1: Having ever smoked was less common among carriers of the 1007fs variant of NOD2 (OR 0.74, 95%CI:0.66-0.83). There was no interaction between smoking and the G908R (OR 0.96, 95%CI:0.82-1.13) or the R702W variant (OR 0.89, 95%CI:0.76-1.05). Phase 2: The proportion of patients (n=627) carrying the 1007fs variant decreased with age at diagnosis (≤16years: 15%; 17-40: 12%; >40: 3%; p=0.003). Smoking was more common in older patients (≤16years: 4%; 17-40: 48%; >40: 71%; p<0.001).
interpretationThe negative NOD2-smoking interaction in Crohn's disease is specific to the 1007fs variant. However, opposing rates of this variant and smoking across age at diagnosis may explain this negative interaction.
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