Trial reportAmerican journal of preventive medicine2017
Bicycle Trains, Cycling, and Physical Activity: A Pilot Cluster RCT.
Trial report in American journal of preventive medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02006186 (Pilot Study on Bicycle Trains to Improve Children's Physical Activity), which is not on this map. Cited by 15 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pilot Study on Bicycle Trains to Improve Children's Physical Activity
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- The multiple uses of artificial intelligence in exercise programs: a narrative review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Strategies and effects of school-based interventions to promote active school transportation by bicycle among children and adolescents: a systematic review.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Machine Learning Applications for In-School Physical Activity Data Using IMUs in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review for Health Promotion.Journal of primary care & community healthPooled it
- Effects of a school-based cycling intervention on commuting to school behavior and device-measured activity in Spanish adolescents: the PACO cluster-randomized controlled trial.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2026Trial
- Active school transport in an urban environment:prevalence and perceived barriers.BMC public health · 2023Trial
- Policy on the move: active travel to school among 7-16-year-olds in Wales and its links to school policy and socio-demographic factors.BMC public health · 2026Article
- ENERGY expenditure of COmmuting to school (ENERGYCO): protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- A scoping review of methodologies for applying artificial intelligence to physical activity interventions.Journal of sport and health science · 2024Article
- Mobile Subthreshold Exercise Program (MSTEP) for concussion: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Trials · 2022Article
- Gender Influence on Students, Parents, and Teachers' Perceptions of What Children and Adolescents in Germany Need to Cycle to School: A Concept Mapping Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Changes in Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectations From Child Participation in Bicycle Trains for Commuting to and From School.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2018Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionIncreasing children's cycling to school and physical activity are national health goals. The objective was to conduct an RCT of a bicycle train program to assess impact on students' school travel mode and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). STUDY
designPilot cluster RCT with randomization at the school level and N=54 participants. SETTING/
participantsFourth-fifth graders from four public schools serving low-income families in Seattle, WA in 2014 with analyses in 2015-2016. All participants were provided and fitted with bicycles, safety equipment (helmets, locks, and lights), and a 2- to 3-hour bicycle safety course.
interventionThe intervention was a bicycle train offered daily (i.e., students volunteered to cycle with study staff to and from school).
main outcome measuresTime 1 assessments occurred prior to randomization. Time 2 assessments occurred after 3-5 weeks of the intervention (i.e., during Weeks 4-6 of the intervention period). The primary outcome was the percentage of daily commutes to school by cycling measured by validated survey. MVPA, measured by accelerometry and GPS units and processed by machine learning algorithms, was a secondary outcome.
resultsFor two separate adjusted repeated measures linear mixed effects models in which students (N=54) were nested within schools (N=4), intervention participants had: (1) an absolute increase in mean percentage of daily commutes by cycling of 44.9%, (95% CI=26.8, 63.0) and (2) an increase in mean MVPA of 21.6 minutes/day, (95% CI=8.7, 34.6) from Time 1 to Time 2 compared with controls.
conclusionsA pilot bicycle train intervention increased cycling to school and daily MVPA in the short term among diverse, inner-city elementary school students. The bicycle train intervention appears promising and warrants further experimental trials among large, diverse samples with longer follow-up.
trial registrationThis study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT02006186.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.