ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2017
The association between personal income and smoking among adolescents: a study in six European cities.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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22 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Prevalence and Determinants of Tobacco Smoking Among University Students in Jordan: A Cross-Sectional Study.Tobacco use insights · 2025Article
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- Key Risk Factors Associated With Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Use Among Adolescents.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Prevalence of Cigarettes and Waterpipe Smoking among Jordanians, Refugees, and Migrants in Jordan and Its Associated Factors: A Secondary Data Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
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- Use patterns of cigarettes and alternative tobacco products and socioeconomic correlates in Hong Kong secondary school students.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- The association between socioeconomic position and vigorous physical activity among adolescents: a cross-sectional study in six European cities.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Predictors of waterpipe smoking among university students in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia.Tobacco induced diseases · 2021Article
- A 3-year Longitudinal Study of Pocket Money, Eating Behavior, Weight Status: The Childhood Obesity Study in China Mega-Cities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
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- Why do apprentices smoke much more than high school students? Understanding educational disparities in smoking with a Oaxaca-blinder decomposition analysis.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Clustering of health-related behaviours and its relationship with individual and contextual factors in Portuguese adolescents: results from a cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2020Article
- Determinants of cigarette/bidi smoking among youth male in rural Mymensingh of Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2020Article
- Sex Differences in Becoming a Current Electronic Cigarette User, Current Smoker and Current Dual User of Both Products: A Longitudinal Study among Mexican Adolescents.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsThis study investigates the link between personal income and smoking among adolescents, and aims to answer the following questions: (i) to what extent is personal income related to smoking, independent of family socio-economic status (SES) and (ii) does the association between personal income and smoking apply to different subpopulations?
designCross-sectional study.
settingSix cities from European countries (Amersfoort, the Netherlands; Coimbra, Portugal; Hannover, Germany; Latina, Italy; Namur, Belgium; Tampere, Finland) in 2013.
participantsA school-based sample of 10 794 adolescents aged 14-17 years. MEASUREMENTS: We modelled smoking experimentation, weekly smoking, daily smoking and (among daily smokers) smoking intensity as function of personal income, adjusting for age, sex, family SES, parental smoking and country. We tested interactions between personal income and covariates. Stratification analyses were performed for the variables for which interactions were significant.
findingsAdolescents in the highest income quintile were more likely to be smoking experimenters [odds ratio (OR) = 1.87; P < 0.01], weekly smokers (OR = 3.51; P < 0.01) and daily smokers (OR = 4.55; P < 0.01) than those in the lowest quintile. They also consumed more cigarettes per month (β = 0.79; P < 0.01). Adjusting for family SES did not modify the significance of relationships, and increased the magnitude of the association for daily smoking. None of the interactions between covariates and personal income was significant for smoking measures. For the intensity of smoking, the interaction was significant for SES. The stratified analysis showed a non-significant association between smoking intensity and personal income among the oldest adolescents and those with the lowest SES background, while significant among younger and higher SES backgrounds.
conclusionIn the Netherlands, Portugal, Germany, Italy, Belgium and Finland, adolescents' personal income is related positively to smoking behaviours independent of family socio-economic status (SES). However, among low socio-economic status adolescent daily smokers, the association between the intensity of smoking and personal income is weaker.
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