Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28667475›Full record

ArticleJournal of religion and health2019

Smoking and Religion: Untangling Associations Using English Survey Data.

Manzoor Hussain, Charlie Walker, Graham Moon

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of religion and health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  8. Designing Religiously Informed and Culturally Acceptable Tobacco Cessation Interventions for UK-Based Muslims.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Between Vulnerability and Connection: Longitudinal Evidence on the Impact of Transformative Religious/Spiritual Experiences.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Manzoor HussainSocial Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Charlie WalkerSocial Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Graham MoonGeography and Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK. g.moon@soton.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7256-8397

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While factors affecting smoking are well documented, the role of religion has received little attention. This national study aims to assess the extent to which religious affiliation is associated with current-smoking and ever-smoking, controlling for age, sex, ethnicity and socio-economic status. Variations between adult and youth populations are examined using secondary analysis of individual-level data from 5 years of the Health Survey for England for adult (aged >20, n = 39,837) and youth (aged 16-20, n = 2355) samples. Crude prevalence statistics are contrasted with binary logistic models for current-smoking and ever-smoking in the adult and youth samples. Analyses suggest that Muslims smoke substantially less than Christians. Highest levels of smoking characterise people not professing any religion. Associations between smoking and the Muslim religion attenuate to statistical insignificance in the face of ethnic and socio-economic factors. An association between smoking and the absence of a religious affiliation is sustained. An understanding of the association between smoking and religion is essential to the development of tobacco control programmes.

Indexed as

ChristianityIslamAdolescentAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesEnglandEthnicityHealth SurveysHumansMiddle AgedReligionSmokingSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultReligionSecondary analysisSmokingTobacco

Identifiers

PMID28667475
PMCPMC6842333

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.