ArticleFrontiers in neuroscience2017
A Refined Bead-Free Method to Identify Astrocytic Exosomes in Primary Glial Cultures and Blood Plasma.
Article in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed.
- Brain-Derived Extracellular Vesicle Subpopulations: from Bulk Measurements to Single-Entity Assays.JACS Au · 2026Review
- Evolution of Concepts Regarding the Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP)-Positive Extracellular Vesicles.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Astrocyte-derived exosomes regulate sperm miR-34c levels to mediate the transgenerational effects of paternal chronic social instability stress.Epigenetics · 2025Article
- Tiny Messengers, Huge Consequences: Extracellular Vesicles and mTOR Signaling in Neuroinflammation.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Review
- Central Nervous System-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Potential Role of Exosomes in Communication Between Astrocytes and Endothelial Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Blood exosome connexins and small RNAs related to demyelinating disease activity.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Levels of Proangiogenic Molecules and Terminal Complement Complex C5b-9 in the Crown of Circulating sEVs in Patients with Recurrent Glioblastomas: Relationship with Tumor Molecular Characteristics.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Harnessing brain-derived extracellular vesicles to support RDoC-based drug development.Neuroscience applied · 2025Review
- Tensor-valued diffusion MRI detects brain microstructural abnormalities in HIV infected individuals with cognitive impairment.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Tensor-valued diffusion MRI detects brain microstructure changes in HIV infected individuals with cognitive impairment.Research square · 2024Article
- Possible Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis and Interventions of Immune-Mediated Central Demyelinating Diseases.Experimental neurobiology · 2024Review
- Human brain small extracellular vesicles contain selectively packaged, full-length mRNA.Cell reports · 2024Article
- A convenient model of serum-induced reactivity of human astrocytes to investigate astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Emerging Role of Astrocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Active Participants in CNS Neuroimmune Responses.Immunological investigations · 2024Review
- Biomarkers for parkinsonian disorders in CNS-originating EVs: promise and challenges.Acta neuropathologica · 2023Review
- Emerging role of extracellular vesicles in multiple sclerosis: From cellular surrogates to pathogenic mediators and beyond.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2023Review
- Initiation of combined antiretroviral therapy confers suboptimal beneficial effects on neurovascular function in people with HIV.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- Modulation of Small RNA Signatures by Astrocytes on Early Neurodegeneration Stages; Implications for Biomarker Discovery.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Lipidomic analysis identifies age-disease-related changes and potential new biomarkers in brain-derived extracellular vesicles from metachromatic leukodystrophy mice.Lipids in health and disease · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell type in the central nervous system (CNS) and are known to fulfill critical homeostatic functions. Dysfunction of activated astrocytes is also known to participate in the development of several neurological diseases. Astrocytes can be uniquely identified by expression of the intermediate filament protein glial acidic fibrillary protein (GFAP). Herein, we report on the development of a rigorous and sensitive methodology to identify GFAP+ exosomes in primary culture using flow cytometry. We then demonstrate that activated astrocytes release increased amounts of exosomes in response to treatment with interleukin-1β. Using this methodology, we report the identification of GFAP+ exosomes in blood and then use a mouse model of inflammatory demyelination, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), to examine whether the abundance of GFAP+ exosomes in blood circulation changes during clinical illness. We find a detectable increase in the presence of GFAP+ exosomes in EAE mice when compared with non-EAE, control mice. Our data provide a novel perspective on the presence of GFAP in blood as it identifies exosomes as potential astrocyte-derived signals within blood. These data are complementary to previous clinical studies that reported elevated GFAP protein in blood samples from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients during a clinical relapse. These data also reveal the existence of a potential systemic role for astrocyte-derived exosomes in CNS conditions involving inflammation such as multiple sclerosis.
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