ArticleThe American journal of drug and alcohol abuse2017
Effect of chronic γ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) administration on GHB toxicokinetics and GHB-induced respiratory depression.
Article in The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Forensic toxicology of benzodiazepines: neuropharmacological effects, analytical challenges, and emerging detection strategies.Frontiers in toxicology · 2025Review
- The Drug of Abuse Gamma-Hydroxybutyric Acid Exhibits Tissue-Specific Nonlinear Distribution.The AAPS journal · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundγ-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) has a high potential for illicit use; overdose of this compound results in sedation, respiratory depression and death. Tolerance to the hypnotic/sedative and electroencephalogram effects of GHB occurs with chronic GHB administration; however, tolerance to respiratory depression has not been evaluated. GHB toxicodynamic effects are mediated predominantly by GABA
objectivesTo determine effects of chronic GHB dosing on GHB toxicokinetics, GHB-induced respiratory depression, and MCT expression.
methodsRats were administered GHB 600 mg/kg intravenously daily for 5 days. Plasma, urine and tissue samples and respiratory measurements were obtained on days 1 and 5. Plasma and urine were analyzed for GHB by LC/MS/MS and tissue samples for expression of MCT1, 2 and 4 and their accessory proteins by QRT-PCR.
resultsNo differences in GHB pharmacokinetics or respiratory depression were observed between days 1 and 5. Opposing changes in MCT1 and MCT4 mRNA expression were observed in kidney samples on day 5 compared to GHB-naïve animals, and MCT4 expression was increased in the intestine.
conclusionsThe lack of tolerance observed with GHB-induced respiratory depression, in contrast to the tolerance reported for the sedative/hypnotic and electroencephalogram effects, suggests that different GABA
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