ArticlePloS one2017
Kai 1 and Kai 2: Characterization of these dog erythrocyte antigens by monoclonal antibodies.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of Dal blood type and dog erythrocyte antigens 1 and 4 among canine blood donors and recipients in Seoul, South Korea.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- The Indirect Antiglobulin (Coombs') Test Is Specific but Less Sensitive Than the Direct Antiglobulin Test for Detecting Anti-Erythrocytic Autoantibodies and Thereby Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia in Dogs.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Canine Blood Group Prevalence and Geographical Distribution around the World: An Updated Systematic Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2021Review
- Prevalence of Dal blood type and dog erythrocyte antigens (DEA) 1, 4, and 7 in canine blood donors in Italy and Spain.BMC veterinary research · 2020Article
- Survey of Blood GroupsFrontiers in veterinary science · 2020Article
- Alloimmunization of a dog erythrocyte antigen 1- dog transfused with weakly dog erythrocyte antigen 1+ blood.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dog Erythrocyte Antigens (DEA) have thus far been found by sensitizing dogs with canine allogeneic blood and are clinically important regarding blood transfusion incompatibilities, but remain poorly defined. The goals of this study were to discover and characterize two DEAs, named as Kai 1 and Kai 2. The monoclonal antibodies were produced by mouse hybridoma techniques and examined by ELISA isotyping, immunoblotting, and affinity chromatography. Canine blood samples were typed and the development of alloantibodies was examined in transfused dogs. The monoclonal Kai 1 and Kai 2 antibodies were isotyped as IgM kappa and IgG3 lamda, respectively, and identified two different erythrocyte membrane proteins of 200 kDa and 80 kDa in molecular weights, respectively. Either Kai 1 or Kai 2 can be expressed but not both in an individual dog. There were no naturally occurring anti-Kai 1 or Kai 2 alloantibodies. In addition, Kai 1- and/or Kai 2- dogs developed Kai 1 and Kai 2 alloantibodies, respectively, when transfused with mismatched blood. This is the first discovery of canine blood types by screening monoclonal antibodies. Kai 1 and Kai 2 are novel blood types which can induce anti-Kai 1 or anti-Kai 2 alloantibodies when Kai 1- and/or Kai 2- dogs are transfused with Kai 1+ or Kai 2+ blood. These canine blood types may explain some of the blood incompatibilities and transfusion reactions observed in dogs in clinical practice.
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