ArticleCell death & disease2017
Ochratoxin A-induced autophagy in vitro and in vivo promotes porcine circovirus type 2 replication.
Article in Cell death & disease, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- ORF3 protein of porcine circovirus type 2 induced RIPK3 phosphorylation-driven autophagy to promote viral replication.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Porcine Beclin1 facilitates the proliferation of porcine circovirus type 2 by augmenting autophagy in PK-15 cells.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Autophagy and porcine circovirus infection: a mini review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Matrine regulates autophagy in ileal epithelial cells in a porcine circovirus type 2-infected murine model.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Immunotoxicity of Three Environmental Mycotoxins and Their Risks of Increasing Pathogen Infections.Toxins · 2023Review
- Autophagy as a dual-faced host response to viral infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- The health benefits of selenium in food animals: a review.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2022Review
- MicroRNAs: Harbingers and shapers of periodontal inflammation.Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2022Review
- The Multi-Faceted Role of Autophagy During Animal Virus Infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Protective and detoxifying effects conferred by selenium against mycotoxins and livestock viruses: A review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Review
- Article
- PK15 cell line stably overexpressing IL2 enhances PCV2 replication.Virus genes · 2021Article
- Swine Influenza Virus Infection Decreases the Protective Immune Responses of Subunit Vaccine Against Porcine Circovirus Type 2.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Nontoxic-dose deoxynivalenol aggravates lipopolysaccharides-induced inflammation and tight junction disorder in IPEC-J2 cells through activation of NF-κB and LC3B.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2020Article
- Glycyrrhizin: An alternative drug for the treatment of COVID-19 infection and the associated respiratory syndrome?Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2020Review
- Haemato-biochemical alterations and oxidative stress associated with naturally occurring porcine circovirus2 infection in pigs.Tropical animal health and production · 2020Article
- Porcine circovirus 3 capsid protein induces autophagy in HEK293T cells by inhibiting phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2020Article
- Risk assessment of ochratoxin A in food.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2020Article
- Nontoxic concentration of ochratoxin A decreases the dosage of cyclosporine A to induce chronic nephropathy model via autophagy mediated by toll-like receptor 4.Cell death & disease · 2020Article
- Interactions between Autophagy and DNA Viruses.Viruses · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is recognized as the causative agent of porcine circovirus-associated diseases. Recently, we reported that low doses of OTA promoted PCV2 replication in vitro and in vivo, but the underlying mechanism needed further investigation. The present studies further confirmed OTA-induced PCV2 replication promotion as measured by cap protein expression, viral titer, viral DNA copies and the number of infected cells. Our studies also showed that OTA induced autophagy in PK-15 cells, as assessed by the markedly increased expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II, autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5), and Beclin-1 and the accumulation of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-LC3 dots. OTA induced complete autophagic flux, which was detected by monitoring p62 degradation and LC3-II turnover using immunoblotting. Inhibition of autophagy by 3-methylademine (3-MA) and chloroquine (CQ) significantly attenuated OTA-induced PCV2 replication promotion. The observed phenomenon was further confirmed by the knock-down of ATG5 or Beclin-1 by specific siRNA. Further studies showed that N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an ROS scavenger could block autophagy induced by OTA, indicating that ROS may be involved in the regulation of OTA-induced autophagy. Furthermore, we observed significant increases in OTA concentrations in lung, spleen, kidney, liver and inguinal lymph nodes (ILN) and bronchial lymph nodes (BLN) of pigs fed 75 and 150 μg/kg OTA compared with controls in vivo. Administration of 75 μg/kg OTA significantly increased PCV2 replication and autophagy in the lung, spleen, kidney and BLN of pigs. Taken together, it could be concluded that OTA-induced autophagy in vitro and in vivo promotes PCV2 replication.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.