Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28659040›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of psychiatry2017

Defining the Neural Substrate of the Adult Outcome of Childhood ADHD: A Multimodal Neuroimaging Study of Response Inhibition.

Eszter Szekely, Gustavo P Sudre, Wendy Sharp, Ellen Leibenluft, Philip Shaw

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of psychiatry, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
28citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Neural basis for individual differences in the attention-enhancing effects of methylphenidate.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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  9. An examination of the relationships between attention/deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and functional connectivity over time.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2022
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  17. Anatomical substrates of symptom remission and persistence in young adults with childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2020
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Eszter SzekelyFrom the Section on Neurobehavioral and Clinical Research, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Md.; and the Section on Bipolar Spectrum Disorders, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.
Gustavo P SudreFrom the Section on Neurobehavioral and Clinical Research, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Md.; and the Section on Bipolar Spectrum Disorders, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.
Wendy SharpFrom the Section on Neurobehavioral and Clinical Research, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Md.; and the Section on Bipolar Spectrum Disorders, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.
Ellen LeibenluftFrom the Section on Neurobehavioral and Clinical Research, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Md.; and the Section on Bipolar Spectrum Disorders, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.
Philip ShawFrom the Section on Neurobehavioral and Clinical Research, Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Md.; and the Section on Bipolar Spectrum Disorders, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Md.

Funding

The neurobehavioral, environmental and genetic factors impacting ADHD.ZIAHG200378 · NHGRI · NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI SHAW, PHILIP · 2012 to 2025
$17.7M
Intramural NIH HHS Z99 MH999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveUnderstanding the neural processes tied to the adult outcome of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) could guide novel interventions to improve its clinical course. It has been argued that normalization of prefrontal cortical activity drives remission from ADHD, while anomalies in subcortical processes are "fixed," present even in remission. Using multimodal neuroimaging of inhibitory processes, the authors tested these hypotheses in adults followed since childhood, contrasting remitted against persistent ADHD.

methodAdult participants (persistent ADHD, N=35; remit-ted ADHD, N=47; never affected, N=99) were scanned with functional MRI (fMRI) (N=85), magnetoencephalography (N=33), or both (N=63) during a response inhibition task.

resultsIn fMRI analyses, during inhibition, right caudate anomalies reflected a childhood ADHD history and were present even among those who remitted. By contrast, differences related to adult outcome emerged in cortical (right inferior frontal and inferior parietal/precuneus) and cerebellar regions. The persistent ADHD group showed under-activation, whereas the remitted ADHD group did not differ significantly from the never-affected group. Magnetoencephalography showed that the association between adult symptom severity and prefrontal neuronal activity was confined to the time window covering the act of inhibition (300 ms-350 ms). Group differences in cerebellar and parietal neuronal activity occurred during the time window of performance monitoring processes (500 ms-600 ms).

conclusionsBy combining fMRI and magnetoencephalography, the location and time window of neuronal activity that underpins the adult outcome of ADHD was pinpointed. Thus, the cortico-cerebellar processes tied to the clinical course of ADHD are separated from the subcortical processes that are not.

Indexed as

Inhibition, PsychologicalAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityCase-Control StudiesCaudate NucleusCerebellumCerebral CortexFemaleFunctional NeuroimagingHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMagnetoencephalographyMaleRemission InductionYoung AdultAdult DevelopmentAttention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderCognitive Neuroscience

Identifiers

PMID28659040
PMCPMC5744256

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.