ReviewImmunological reviews2017
IL-33: biological properties, functions, and roles in airway disease.
Review in Immunological reviews, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 154 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
154 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 251 citations in OpenAlex.
- Elevated levels of interleukin-33 are associated with asthma: A meta-analysis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Pooled it
- The Role of Pro-Inflammatory and Regulatory Signaling by IL-33 in the Brain and Liver: A Focused Systematic Review of Mouse and Human Data and Risk of Bias Assessment of the Literature.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Population pharmacokinetic/target engagement modelling of tozorakimab in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2024Trial
- Neuro-immune interactions in tumors, immune-related disorders, and infections.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Fungi in Asthma: From Epidemiology and Airway Mycobiome to Molecular Mechanisms and Novel Allergenic Phytopathogens.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Development of 2‑Methyl-5-phenylpyrrolidine-Based ST2 Inhibitors for Neuroinflammatory Conditions.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2026Article
- Phase III LUNA clinical programme: design of four randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies assessing the efficacy and safety of tozorakimab in patients with symptomatic COPD and a high risk of exacerbations.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Article
- Targeting IL-33 in Precision Neuroimmunology: Cellular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies for CNS Disorders.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2026Review
- Clinical Significance of the IL-33/sST2 Axis and Vitamin D Status in the Assessment of Disease Severity and Exacerbation Risk in Asthma: A Prospective Controlled Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Beyond inflammation: alarmins as critical drivers of pulmonary fibrosis.ERJ open research · 2026Review
- BMP9 Modulates IL-33 Signaling to Mitigate EndMT in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2026Article
- IL-33/ST2 Signaling Protects the Heart by Restraining Inflammation and Parasite Burden duringACS infectious diseases · 2026Article
- IL-33 Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Liver Injury by Regulating the NF-κB/BCL-2 Pathway.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- FRONTIER-3: a randomised phase 2a study to investigate tozorakimab, an anti-interleukin-33 monoclonal antibody, in early-onset asthma.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- P2 Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in Allergic Rhinitis: Insights From the Use of Natural Products and Preclinical Studies.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- Targeting the Epithelial Alarmin Axis with Biomedical Nanoparticles: A New Frontier in Allergic Asthma Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Impact of Transport Media on IL-33 Levels in Samples From Patients With Viral Respiratory Infections.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Interactions with polygenic background impact quantitative traits in the UK Biobank.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Interleukin-33-Mediated Mechanical-Loading Induced Degeneration of Knee Joint Chondrocytes.FASEB bioAdvances · 2025Article
94 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 is a key cytokine involved in type 2 immunity and allergic airway diseases. Abundantly expressed in lung epithelial cells, IL-33 plays critical roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses in mucosal organs. In innate immunity, IL-33 and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) provide an essential axis for rapid immune responses and tissue homeostasis. In adaptive immunity, IL-33 interacts with dendritic cells, Th2 cells, follicular T cells, and regulatory T cells, where IL-33 influences the development of chronic airway inflammation and tissue remodeling. The clinical findings that both the IL-33 and ILC2 levels are elevated in patients with allergic airway diseases suggest that IL-33 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. IL-33 and ILC2 may also serve as biomarkers for disease classification and to monitor the progression of diseases. In this article, we reviewed the current knowledge of the biology of IL-33 and discussed the roles of the IL-33 in regulating airway immune responses and allergic airway diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.