ArticleAdvances in preventive medicine2017
Readability Assessment of Online Patient Education Material on Congestive Heart Failure.
Article in Advances in preventive medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 164 citations in OpenAlex.
- Involving patients and caregivers to develop items for a new patient-reported experience measure for older adults attending the emergency department. Findings from a nominal group technique study.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2023Pooled it
- COVID-19 prevention and treatment information on the internet: a systematic analysis and quality assessment.BMJ open · 2020Pooled it
- The readability of total elbow arthroplasty educational materials.Journal of shoulder and elbow arthroplasty · 2026Article
- Do bots provide correct and adequate guidance regarding acidity: A blinded comparison rated by patients and physicians.World journal of methodology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of online cancer information for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples: a systematic environmental scan.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2026Article
- The Impact of Specific Prompt Engineering Techniques on the Readability of LLM-Generated Patient Materials in Gastroenterology and Hepatology.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Large language models and artificial intelligence for generating, simplifying, and enhancing outpatient clinic letters: A systematic review.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Evaluating large language models for lay summaries of radiology reports using tailored prompting strategies and mixed-method assessment.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Quality of AI-generated exercise awareness messages for older adults aligned with the ICFSR consensus: a comparative study of three LLMs.European review of aging and physical activity : official journal of the European Group for Research into Elderly and Physical Activity · 2026Article
- Can AI chatbots be reliable in dental emergencies? quality assessment of Arabic responses to dental emergency inquiries and public attitudes toward their use.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Article
- Comprehensive evaluation of Medtronic's Butterfly platform, a new audiovisual information material for patient education and shared decision-making in surgical thyroid disease.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- An infodemiological analysis of arabic online educational content on low back pain: Insights into quality and reliability.Journal of public health research · 2026Article
- Investigating the Readability and Quality of AI Systems to Trending Questions About Food Poisoning.Journal of food science · 2026Article
- Article
- ChatGPT as a tool to improve readability of rheumatology patient education materials: a positive start with significant hurdles.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Cross-platform evaluation of LLM-generated educational texts on cardiac myxoma: quality, readability, and actionability using network analysis and latent profile analysis.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Challenges of using generative AI for patient education in chronic heart failure: an evaluation of content quality, readability, and actionability in cross-platform LLM-generated texts.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Challenges of using generative artificial intelligence for diabetes patient education: a cross-platform analysis of the quality, readability, and actionability of text generated by large language models.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Evaluating the quality of online patient education materials for gastric adenocarcinoma.Frontiers in digital health · 2026Article
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundOnline health information is being used more ubiquitously by the general population. However, this information typically favors only a small percentage of readers, which can result in suboptimal medical outcomes for patients.
objectiveThe readability of online patient education materials regarding the topic of congestive heart failure was assessed through six readability assessment tools.
methodsThe search phrase "congestive heart failure" was employed into the search engine Google. Out of the first 100 websites, only 70 were included attending to compliance with selection and exclusion criteria. These were then assessed through six readability assessment tools.
resultsOnly 5 out of 70 websites were within the limits of the recommended sixth-grade readability level. The mean readability scores were as follows: the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (9.79), Gunning-Fog Score (11.95), Coleman-Liau Index (15.17), Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) index (11.39), and the Flesch Reading Ease (48.87).
conclusionMost of the analyzed websites were found to be above the sixth-grade readability level recommendations. Efforts need to be made to better tailor online patient education materials to the general population.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.