ArticleThe American journal on addictions2017
Can a rapid measure of self-exposure to drugs of abuse provide dimensional information on depression comorbidity?
Article in The American journal on addictions, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychiatric Comorbidities in Substance Use Disorders: Sex-Based Differences in a National Real-World Clinical Sample.The American journal of psychiatry · 2026Article
- Peripheral Blood Cytokines as Markers of Longitudinal Change in White Matter Microstructure Following Inpatient Treatment for Opioid Use Disorders.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2025Article
- Sex disparities in outcome of medication-assisted therapy of opioid use disorder: Nationally representative outpatient clinic data.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Observational
- Serum cytokines and inflammatory proteins in individuals with heroin use disorder: potential mechanistically based biomarkers for diagnosis.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Sex disparities in outcome of medication-assisted therapy of opioid use disorder: Nationally representative study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Escalation of drug use in persons dually diagnosed with opioid and cocaine dependence: Gender comparison and dimensional predictors.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesAddictions to heroin or to cocaine are associated with substantial psychiatric comorbidity, including depression. Poly-drug self-exposure (eg, to heroin, cocaine, cannabis, or alcohol) is also common, and may further affect depression comorbidity.
methodsThis case-control study examined the relationship of exposure to the above drugs and depression comorbidity. Participants were recruited from methadone maintenance clinics, and from the community. Adult male and female participants (n = 1,201) were ascertained consecutively by experienced licensed clinicians. The instruments used were the SCID-I, and Kreek-McHugh-Schluger-Kellogg (KMSK) scales, which provide a rapid dimensional measure of maximal lifetime self-exposure to each of the above drugs. This measure ranges from no exposure to high unit dose, high frequency, and long duration of exposure.
resultsA multiple logistic regression with stepwise variable selection revealed that increasing exposure to heroin or to cocaine was associated greater odds of depression, with all cases and controls combined. In cases with an opioid dependence diagnosis, increasing cocaine exposure was associated with a further increase in odds of depression. However, in cases with a cocaine dependence diagnosis, increasing exposure to either cannabis or alcohol, as well as heroin, was associated with a further increase in odds of depression. DISCUSSION AND
conclusionsThis dimensional analysis of exposure to specific drugs provides insights on depression comorbidity with addictive diseases, and the impact of poly-drug exposure. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: A rapid analysis of exposure to drugs of abuse reveals how specific patterns of drug and poly-drug exposure are associated with increasing odds of depression. This approach detected quantitatively how different patterns of poly-drug exposure can result in increased odds of depression comorbidity, in cases diagnosed with opioid versus cocaine dependence. (Am J Addict 2017;26:632-639).
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