ArticlePloS one2017
Developing and validating a scale to measure Food and Nutrition Literacy (FNLIT) in elementary school children in Iran.
Article in PloS one, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The constructs of health literacy in children: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Food literacy programmes in secondary schools: a systematic literature review and narrative synthesis of quantitative and qualitative evidence.Public health nutrition · 2019Pooled it
- Development and evaluation of an intervention to improve food and nutrition literacy among Iranian Kurdish primary school children: An application of intervention mapping approach.Frontiers in public health · 2022Trial
- Defining and measuring food literacy in late childhood and adolescence: a scoping review.Public health nutrition · 2026Article
- Mapping the socio-ecological influences on child food literacy: a systematic scoping review.Systematic reviews · 2026Article
- Psychometric validation of the food and nutrition literacy scale (Escala de Literacia da Alimentação e Nutrição -Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- A social cognitive theory and theory of planned behavior-based serial multiple mediation model of social media-related factors and eating behaviors among sports science students.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- The initial development and validation of a child-oriented food literacy questionnaire.Public health nutrition · 2025Article
- Validating the Arabic Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale (ANLS): A Reliable Tool for Measuring Nutrition Literacy.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Development and Validation of Nutrition Literacy Questionnaire for Chinese Pre-School Children.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Identifying the causes of adolescent malnutrition in Nuwara-Eliya District, Sri Lanka.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a food and nutrition literacy questionnaire for Chinese parents of children with functional constipation (FNLQ-p).Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Development and Validation of an Indian Nutrition and Food Literacy Tool (INFOLIT) for adolescents.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- The Status of Food and Nutrition Literacy and its determinants among Elementary School students in Egypt: community nursing-led design.BMC nursing · 2024Article
- Review
- Adaptation and Validation of the S-NutLit Scale to Assess Nutritional Literacy in the Peruvian Population.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Promoting hEalthy Diet and Active Lifestyle (PEDAL): a protocol for the development and feasibility study of a multicomponent intervention among primary school children in Singapore.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2024Article
- Assessing the relationship between nutrition literacy and eating behaviors among nursing students: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the nutrition literacy assessment questionnaire for college students and identification of the influencing factors of their nutrition literacy.BMC public health · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundFood and nutrition literacy is an emerging term which is increasingly used in policy and research. Though research in this area is growing, progression is limited by the lack of an accepted method to measure food and nutrition literacy. The aim of this study is to develop a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess food and nutrition literacy in elementary school children in the city of Tehran.
methodsThe study was conducted in three phases. To develop Food and Nutrition Literacy (FNLIT) questionnaire, a comprehensive literature review and a qualitative study were initially performed to identify food and nutrition literacy dimensions and its components. Content and face validity of the questionnaire were evaluated by an expert panel as well as students. In the second phase, construct validity of the scale was evaluated using Explanatory Factor Analyses (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analyses (CFA). In the last phase (confirmatory phase), the final version of the questionnaire was evaluated on 400 students.
resultsFindings show Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) of the 62-item questionnaire at acceptable levels of 0.87 and 0.92, respectively. EFA suggested a six-factor construct, namely, understanding food and nutrition information, knowledge, functional, interactive, food choice, and critical. The results of CFA indicated acceptable fit indices for the proposed models. All subscales demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha≥0.70), except for critical skill subscale (0.48). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC = 0.90, CI: 0.83-0.94) indicated that Food and Nutrition Literacy (FNLIT) scale had satisfactory stability. Each phase of development progressively improved the questionnaire, which resulted in a 46-item (42 likert-type items and 4 true-false items) Food and Nutrition Literacy (FNLIT) scale. The questionnaire measured two domains with 6 subscales, including: 1) cognitive domain: understanding and knowledge; 2) skill domain: functional, food choice, interactive, and critical skills.
conclusionThe developed food and nutrition literacy scale is a valid and reliable instrument to measure food and nutrition literacy in children. This measure lays a solid empirical and theoretical foundation for future research and tailored interventions to promote food and nutrition literacy in this age group.
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