Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28653349›Full record

ArticleMagnetic resonance in medicine2017

Assignment of the molecular origins of CEST signals at 2 ppm in rat brain.

Xiao-Yong Zhang, Jingping Xie, Feng Wang, Eugene C Lin, Junzhong Xu, Daniel F Gochberg, John C Gore, Zhongliang Zu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
58citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

58 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Effective Modeling of Continuous WaveMagnetic resonance in medicine · 2026
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  18. Quantitative Assessment of Peripheral Oxidative Metabolism With a New DynamicJournal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Xiao-Yong ZhangVanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8965-1077
Jingping XieVanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Feng WangVanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Eugene C LinVanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Junzhong XuVanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7895-4232
Daniel F GochbergVanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
John C GoreVanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Zhongliang ZuVanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.

Funding

Postdoctoral Training in Biomedical MRI and MRST32EB001628 · NIBIB · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI John C Gore · 2003 to 2026
$7.0M
MRI Diffusion in Tumors Using Oscillating GradientsR01CA109106 · NCI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI XU, JUNZHONG · 2006 to 2022
$4.0M
CERT Imaging of CancerR01CA184693 · NCI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI GOCHBERG, DANIEL F · 2014 to 2018
$1.6M
CERT Imaging of MuscleR01EB017767 · NIBIB · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI GOCHBERG, DANIEL F · 2014 to 2017
$1.4M
MRI of Mobile Protein and Immobile Metabolite via Magnetization Rotation TransferR21EB017873 · NIBIB · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI ZU, ZHONGLIANG · 2013 to 2014
$424k
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA109106NCI NIH HHS R01 CA184693NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB017767NIBIB NIH HHS R21 EB017873NIBIB NIH HHS T32 EB001628
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeChemical exchange saturation transfer effects at 2 ppm (CEST@2ppm) in brain have previously been interpreted as originating from creatine. However, protein guanidino amine protons may also contribute to CEST@2ppm. This study aims to investigate the molecular origins and specificity of CEST@2ppm in brain.

methodsTwo experiments were performed: (i) samples containing egg white albumin and creatine were dialyzed using a semipermeable membrane to demonstrate that proteins and creatine can be separated by this method; and (ii) tissue homogenates of rat brain with and without dialysis to remove creatine were studied to measure the relative contributions of proteins and creatine to CEST@2ppm.

resultsThe experiments indicate that dialysis can successfully remove creatine from proteins. Measurements on tissue homogenates show that, with the removal of creatine via dialysis, CEST@2ppm decreases to approximately 34% of its value before dialysis, which indicates that proteins and creatine have comparable contribution to the CEST@2ppm in brain. However, considering the contribution from peptides and amino acids to CEST@2ppm, creatine may have much less contribution to CEST@2ppm.

conclusionsThe contribution of proteins, peptides, and amino acids to CEST@2ppm cannot be neglected. The CEST@2ppm measurements of creatine in rat brain should be interpreted with caution. Magn Reson Med 78:881-887, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

Indexed as

AnimalsBrainBrain ChemistryImage Processing, Computer-AssistedMagnetic Resonance ImagingMolecular ImagingProteinsRatsProteinschemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)creatineMRIproteins

Identifiers

PMID28653349
PMCPMC5561473

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.