ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2017
Saturation in Phosphene Size with Increasing Current Levels Delivered to Human Visual Cortex.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stress-Based Assessment of Bio-Inspired Phosphene Vision Encoding: Trade-Offs Among Performance, Residual Proxy Safety Burden, and Topology-Based Representation Metrics.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Neural population dynamics of direct electrical stimulation of neocortex.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Neural correlates of phosphene perception in blind individuals: A step toward a bidirectional cortical visual prosthesis.Science advances · 2025Article
- Perceptual learning of prosthetic vision using video game training.Journal of vision · 2025Article
- Electrophysiological Signatures of Visual Sensations Elicited by Direct Electrical Stimulation.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Article
- Building egocentric models of local space from retinal input.Current biology : CB · 2024Review
- A virtual patient simulation modeling the neural and perceptual effects of human visual cortical stimulation, from pulse trains to percepts.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Improving Understanding of Visual Snow by Quantifying its Appearance and Effect on Vision.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- A Phosphenotron Device for Sensoric Spatial Resolution of Phosphenes within the Visual Field Using Non-Invasive Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A novel simulation paradigm utilising MRI-derived phosphene maps for cortical prosthetic vision.Journal of neural engineering · 2023Article
- Tessellation of artificial touch via microstimulation of human somatosensory cortex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Chronic stability of a neuroprosthesis comprising multiple adjacent Utah arrays in monkeys.Journal of neural engineering · 2023Article
- Towards aJournal of neural engineering · 2022Article
- Review
- Neurophysiological considerations for visual implants.Brain structure & function · 2022Review
- Biased Orientation and Color Tuning of the Human Visual Gamma Rhythm.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2022Article
- Neural Substrates of External and Internal Visual Sensations Induced by Human Intracranial Electrical Stimulation.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Visual percepts evoked with an intracortical 96-channel microelectrode array inserted in human occipital cortex.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Article
- Learning to see again: Perceptual learning of simulated abnormal on- off-cell population responses in sighted individuals.Journal of vision · 2021Article
- Raising the stakes for cortical visual prostheses.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Electrically stimulating early visual cortex results in a visual percept known as a phosphene. Although phosphenes can be evoked by a wide range of electrode sizes and current amplitudes, they are invariably described as small. To better understand this observation, we electrically stimulated 93 electrodes implanted in the visual cortex of 13 human subjects who reported phosphene size while stimulation current was varied. Phosphene size increased as the stimulation current was initially raised above threshold, but then rapidly reached saturation. Phosphene size also depended on the location of the stimulated site, with size increasing with distance from the foveal representation. We developed a model relating phosphene size to the amount of activated cortex and its location within the retinotopic map. First, a sigmoidal curve was used to predict the amount of activated cortex at a given current. Second, the amount of active cortex was converted to degrees of visual angle by multiplying by the inverse cortical magnification factor for that retinotopic location. This simple model accurately predicted phosphene size for a broad range of stimulation currents and cortical locations. The unexpected saturation in phosphene sizes suggests that the functional architecture of cerebral cortex may impose fundamental restrictions on the spread of artificially evoked activity and this may be an important consideration in the design of cortical prosthetic devices.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.