ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2017
B Cells Produce Type 1 IFNs in Response to the TLR9 Agonist CpG-A Conjugated to Cationic Lipids.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intranasal Vaccine Adjuvants and Delivery Platforms: From Barrier Mechanisms to Clinical Translation.Vaccines · 2026Review
- TLR9 Inhibition Shortly After Mating Increases Fetal Resorption and Alters B- and T-Cell Costimulatory Phenotypes in an Abortion-Prone Mouse Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Phage therapy and the microbiome in hematologic malignancies: opportunities, mechanisms, and early evidence.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Endothelial cell-released mitochondrial DNA promotes B cell differentiation and virus replication during severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus infection.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Article
- Type I interferon promotes the fate of Toll-like receptor 9-stimulated follicular B cells to plasma cell differentiation.PNAS nexus · 2024Article
- Targeting inflammation as cancer therapy.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Influence of the Charge Ratio of Guanine-Quadruplex Structure-Based CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides and Cationic DOTAP Liposomes on Cytokine Induction Profiles.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- The bidirectional immune crosstalk in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.Cell metabolism · 2023Review
- Single cell transcriptome analyses reveal the roles of B cells in fructose-induced hypertension.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Antibody-independent functions of B cells during viral infections.PLoS pathogens · 2021Review
- CpG ODN as an adjuvant arouses the vigor of B cells by relieving the negative regulation of surface TLR9 to enhance the antibody response to vaccine.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Article
- The Metabolic Clock Model of B Cell Activation and Differentiation.Immunometabolism · 2021Article
- Changes in Transcript, Metabolite, and Antibody Reactivity During the Early Protective Immune Response in Humans to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Autoreactive B cells in SLE, villains or innocent bystanders?Immunological reviews · 2019Review
- From zero to sixty and back to zero again: the metabolic life of B cells.Current opinion in immunology · 2019Review
- Immunomodulation as a Novel Strategy for Prevention and Treatment ofFrontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Sources of Type I Interferons in Infectious Immunity: Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Not Always in the Driver's Seat.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Second signals rescue B cells from activation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and death.Nature immunology · 2018Article
- A CpG-adjuvanted intranasal enterovirus 71 vaccine elicits mucosal and systemic immune responses and protects human SCARB2-transgenic mice against lethal challenge.Scientific reports · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
B cells express the innate receptor, TLR9, which signals in response to unmethylated CpG sequences in microbial DNA. Of the two major classes of CpG-containing oligonucleotides, CpG-A appears restricted to inducing type 1 IFN in innate immune cells and CpG-B to activating B cells to proliferate and produce Abs and inflammatory cytokines. Although CpGs are candidates for adjuvants to boost innate and adaptive immunity, our understanding of the effect of CpG-A and CpG-B on B cell responses is incomplete. In this study we show that both CpG-B and CpG-A activated B cells in vitro to proliferate, secrete Abs and IL-6, and that neither CpG-B nor CpG-A alone induced type 1 IFN production. However, when incorporated into the cationic lipid, DOTAP, CpG-A, but not CpG-B, induced a type 1 IFN response in B cells in vitro and in vivo. We provide evidence that differences in the function of CpG-A and CpG-B may be related to their intracellular trafficking in B cells. These findings fill an important gap in our understanding of the B cell response to CpGs, with implications for the use of CpG-A and CpG-B as immunomodulators.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.