ArticleBMC neurology2017
Current smoking is associated with extracranial carotid atherosclerotic stenosis but not with intracranial large artery disease.
Article in BMC neurology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Smoking influences outcome in patients who had thrombolysed ischaemic stroke: the ENCHANTED study.Stroke and vascular neurology · 2021Trial
- Rescue carotid stenting in tandem occlusions: 5 years' experience from a comprehensive stroke center.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2025Article
- The PLANS model predicts recurrent strokes in patients with minor ischemic strokes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Intracranial stenting with the Neuroform Atlas Stent for symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: a bi-center retrospective analysis including stroke recurrence nomogram.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Endovascular Therapy for Isolated Cervical Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion.Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Carotid ultrasound to identify head and neck cancer survivors with high cardiovascular risk after radiation therapy: rationale and design of a prospective, cross-sectional pilot study.Future oncology (London, England) · 2024Article
- Risk factors of in-stent restenosis after carotid angioplasty and stenting: long-term follow-up study.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Article
- The 2023 Taiwan Stroke Society Guidelines for the management of patients with intracranial atherosclerotic disease.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2023Article
- Endovascular Therapy of Tandem Occlusions: Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes Compared With Intracranial Occlusion.Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Prevalence and correlates of carotid artery stenosis in a cohort of Sri Lankan ischaemic stroke patients.BMC neurology · 2021Article
- Associations of Monocytes and the Monocyte/High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio With Extracranial and Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
- Genetic Risk Factors of Intracranial Atherosclerosis.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2020Review
- Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenoses: Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Current Therapy Options.Advances in therapy · 2020Review
- Modifiable risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Annals of translational medicine · 2019Article
- Cigarette Smoking Preferentially Affects Intracranial Vessels in Young Males: A Propensity-Score Matching Analysis.Neurointervention · 2019Article
- Role of cigarette smoking in the development of ischemic stroke and its subtypes: a Mendelian randomization study.Clinical epidemiology · 2019Article
- Comparison of Risk Factors, Treatment, and Outcome in Patients with Symptomatic Intracranial Atherosclerotic Disease in India and the United States.Annals of Indian Academy of NeurologyArticle
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAccumulating evidence has shown that cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for ischemic stroke. However, it is not clear about the potential mechanisms through which cigarette smoking affects stroke risk. In the study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between cigarette smoking and the occurrence of extracranial (ECAS) and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS).
methodsWe analyzed patients enrolled in the Chinese intracranial atherosclerosis (CICAS), which was a prospective, multicenter, hospital-based cohort study. Smoking status was classified into never, former and current smoking. For those patients with current smoking, data on time duration (year) and extent (the number of cigarette smoked per day) was recorded and pack year of smoking was calculated. ICAS was evaluated with 3-dimentional time-of-flight MRA and ECAS was evaluated with cervical ultrasonography or contrast-enhanced MRA. Multivariable Logistic regression was performed to identify the association between smoking status and the occurrence of ECAS and ICAS.
resultsA total of 2656 patients (92.7%) of acute ischemic stroke and 208 (7.3%) of transient ischemic attack were analyzed. The mean age was 61.9 ± 11.2 and 67.8% were male. There were 141 (4.9%) patients had only ECAS, 1074 (37.5%) had only ICAS, and 261 (9.1%) had both ECAS and ICAS. Current smoking was significantly associated with the occurrence of ECAS (adjusted OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.09-1.99, P < 0.01). In addition, with 1 year of smoking increment, the risk of ECAS increased by 1.1% (adjusted OR = 1.011; 95% CI = 1.003-1.019; P = 0.005); with one cigarette smoked per day increment, the risk of ECAS increased by 1.0% (adjusted OR = 1.010; 95% CI = 1.001-1.020; P = 0.03); and with one pack year of smoking increment, the risk of ECAS increased by 0.7% (adjusted OR = 1.007; 95% CI = 1.002-1.012; P < 0.01). However, no significant association was found between smoking status and the occurrence of ICAS.
conclusionA dose-response relationship was identified between cigarette smoking and the occurrence of ECAS, but not ICAS. Further studies on molecular mechanisms were warranted.
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