ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2017
Ambient Temperature and Stillbirth: A Multi-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- The influence of environmental exposures during the preconception period on offspring outcomes: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Climate Change-Related Environmental Exposures and Perinatal and Maternal Health Outcomes in the U.S.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Acute association between heatwaves and stillbirth in six US states.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2022Pooled it
- Association of Air Pollution and Heat Exposure With Preterm Birth, Low Birth Weight, and Stillbirth in the US: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2020Pooled it
- Association between ambient temperature exposure and pregnancy outcomes in participants undergoing IVF: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2026Article
- The Impact of Climate Change on Pediatric Mental and Behavioral Health.Pediatric clinics of North America · 2026Review
- Lethal Heat and Humidity Events.Annual review of environment and resources · 2025Article
- Extreme temperature events exposure and risks of stillbirths: nationwide large birth cohort study in China.Environment international · 2025Article
- Fetal and maternal surveillance in high-risk pregnancy: tools, timing, and trends.Journal of medicine and life · 2025Review
- Biological Mechanisms for Allen's Rule: DNA Methylation as Mediator of the Association Between In Utero Exposure to Environmental Heat and Tibial Growth in Childhood.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Women, Girls, and the Climate Crisis: Advancing Reproductive Health and Rights and Gender Equality in Climate Policies at ICPD+30.Studies in family planning · 2025Article
- Preconception and first trimester exposure to pesticides and associations with stillbirth.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) Programme of Action and climate action: an intersecting agenda.Sexual and reproductive health matters · 2024Article
- Increased Stillbirth Rates and Exposure to Environmental Risk Factors for Stillbirth in Counties with Higher Social Vulnerability: United States, 2015-2018.Maternal and child health journal · 2024Article
- A time-stratified, case-crossover study of heat exposure and perinatal mortality from 16 hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa.Nature medicine · 2024Article
- The association of short-term increases in ambient PM2.5 and temperature exposures with stillbirth: racial/ethnic disparities among Medicaid recipients.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Net benefit of smaller human populations to environmental integrity and individual health and wellbeing.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Effect of Bee Bread on Corticosterone Level in Rat Dams Exposed to Gestational Heat Stress.Tropical life sciences research · 2023Article
- The risk of miscarriage is associated with ambient temperature: evidence from coastal Bangladesh.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Adverse effects of temperature on perinatal and pregnancy outcomes: methodological challenges and knowledge gaps.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundClimate change is expected to have adverse health effects, but the association between extreme ambient temperatures and stillbirth is unclear.
objectivesWe investigated acute and chronic associations between extreme ambient temperatures and stillbirth risk, and estimated the attributable risk associated with local temperature extremes in the United States.
methodsWe linked 223,375 singleton births ≥23 weeks of gestation (2002–2008) from 12 U.S. sites to local temperature. Chronic exposure to hot (>90th percentile), cold (<10th percentile), or mild (10th–90th percentile) temperatures was defined using window- and site-specific temperature distributions for three-months preconception, first and second trimester, and whole-pregnancy averages. For acute exposure, average temperature for the week preceding delivery was compared to two alternative control weeks in a case-crossover analysis.
resultsIn comparison with mild, whole-pregnancy exposure to cold [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 4.75; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.95, 5.71] and hot (aOR = 3.71; 95% CI: 3.07, 4.47) were associated with stillbirth risk, and preconception and first and second trimester exposures were not. Approximately 17–19% of stillbirth cases were potentially attributable to chronic whole-pregnancy exposures to local temperature extremes. This is equivalent to ∼1,116 cold-related and ∼1,019 hot-related excess cases in the United States annually. In the case-crossover analysis, a 1°C increase during the week preceding delivery was associated with a 6% (3–9%) increase in stillbirth risk during the warm season (May–September). This incidence translates to ∼4 (2–6) additional stillbirths per 10,000 births for each 1°C increase.
conclusionsExtremes of local ambient temperature may have chronic and acute effects on stillbirth risk, even in temperate zones. Temperature-related effects on pregnancy outcomes merit additional investigation. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP945.
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