ArticleObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)2017
Intake of Energy and Protein is Associated with Overweight Risk at Age 5.5 Years: Results from the Prospective TEDDY Study.
Article in Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Protein Intake during the Second Year of Life with Weight Gain-Related Outcomes in Childhood: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Retinol, Carotenoid, and Tocopherol Intake and Status, and the Risk of Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young Study.Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews · 2026Article
- Usual nutrient intake and adherence to dietary reference values among 3-6-year-old Finnish preschoolers.Food & nutrition research · 2026Article
- Intake of B vitamins and the risk of developing islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in the TEDDY study.European journal of nutrition · 2024Observational
- Associations of dietary patterns between age 9 and 24 months with risk of celiac disease autoimmunity and celiac disease among children at increased risk.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- Macronutrient intake in stunted and non-stunted toddlers in Jember, Indonesia.Journal of public health research · 2023Article
- Article
- Dietary Intake and Body Mass Index Influence the Risk of Islet Autoimmunity in Genetically At-Risk Children: A Mediation Analysis Using the TEDDY Cohort.Pediatric diabetes · 2023Article
- Protein intake in children and growth and risk of overweight or obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Food & nutrition research · 2022Review
- Associations of breastfeeding with childhood autoimmunity, allergies, and overweight: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Article
- Evaluating the pathways linking complementary feeding practices to obesity in early life.Nutrition reviews · 2020Review
- Adequacy of usual macronutrient intake and macronutrient distribution in children and adolescents in Spain: A National Dietary Survey on the Child and Adolescent Population, ENALIA 2013-2014.European journal of nutrition · 2019Article
- Associations of Maternal Diabetes During Pregnancy with Overweight in Offspring: Results from the Prospective TEDDY Study.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2018Article
- Identification and Characterization of Families That Are Positively Deviant for Childhood Obesity in a Latino Population: A Case-Control Study.Journal of obesity · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 11 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe associations of energy, protein, carbohydrate, and fat intake with weight status up to the age of 5.5 years were prospectively assessed in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study.
methodsFood record data (over 3 days) and BMI measurements between 0.25 and 5.5 years were available from 5,563 children with an increased genetic risk for type 1 diabetes followed from shortly after birth. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for overweight and obesity by previous intake of energy, protein, carbohydrate, and fat with adjustment for potential confounders.
resultsHaving overweight or obesity at the age of 5.5 years was positively associated with mean energy intake in previous age intervals (e.g., adjusted OR [95% CI] for overweight: 1.06 [1.04-1.09] per 100 kcal intake at the age of 4.5-5.0 years) and with protein intake after the age of 3.5 and 4.5 years, respectively (e.g., adjusted OR for overweight: 1.06 [1.03-1.09] per 1% of energy intake at the age of 4.5-5.0 years). The respective associations with carbohydrate and fat intake were less consistent.
conclusionsThese findings indicate that energy and protein intake are positively associated with increased risk for overweight in childhood but yield no evidence for potential programming effects of protein intake in infancy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.