ArticleNature communications2017
Characterizing sleep spindles in 11,630 individuals from the National Sleep Research Resource.
Article in Nature communications, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 247 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
247 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 430 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Biological Sex Differences in Sleep Spindles and Slow Wave Activity in Adults With and Without Insomnia.Journal of sleep research · 2026Pooled it
- Machine Learning-Based Sleep Electroencephalographic Brain Age Index and Dementia Risk: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2026Pooled it
- Memory retention following acoustic stimulation in slow-wave sleep: a meta-analytic review of replicability and measurement quality.Frontiers in sleep · 2023Pooled it
- Analysing an allelic series of rare missense variants of CACNA1I in a Swedish schizophrenia cohort.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2022Pooled it
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- Trial
- Sleep EEG microstructure is associated with neurobehavioural impairment after extended wakefulness in obstructive sleep apnea.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2021Trial
- The effects of eszopiclone on sleep spindles and memory consolidation in schizophrenia: a randomized clinical trial.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2020Trial
- Article
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- Sleep forms flexible context representations in toddlers.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Slow Wave Activity During Nocturnal Sleep in Hypersomnolence Disorder.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- Differences in Sleep Spindle Characteristics Between Children With Narcolepsy and Those With Other Causes of Subjective Sleepiness.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- The DYNAM-O Toolbox: Characterizing Individualized Neural Signatures in Sleep EEG.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Sleep spindle deficits in childhood absence epilepsy improve with antiseizure treatment and disease resolution.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Association Between Alzheimer Pathology, Sleep, and Cognition in Patients With Late-Onset Unexplained Epilepsy.Neurology · 2026Article
- Meta-Analysis of Face-Validity Indicators in Automatically Detected Dog Sleep Spindles.Neuroinformatics · 2026Article
- Sleep Spindle Measures in Japanese Patients With Drug-Naïve Schizophrenia Using Standard Polysomnography Data: A Retrospective Pilot Study.Early intervention in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Theta oscillations tag episodic memories for sleep-dependent consolidation.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- An Electroencephalographic Study of Sleep Spindle and Infraslow Oscillation in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
187 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sleep spindles are characteristic electroencephalogram (EEG) signatures of stage 2 non-rapid eye movement sleep. Implicated in sleep regulation and cognitive functioning, spindles may represent heritable biomarkers of neuropsychiatric disease. Here we characterize spindles in 11,630 individuals aged 4 to 97 years, as a prelude to future genetic studies. Spindle properties are highly reliable but exhibit distinct developmental trajectories. Across the night, we observe complex patterns of age- and frequency-dependent dynamics, including signatures of circadian modulation. We identify previously unappreciated correlates of spindle activity, including confounding by body mass index mediated by cardiac interference in the EEG. After taking account of these confounds, genetic factors significantly contribute to spindle and spectral sleep traits. Finally, we consider topographical differences and critical measurement issues. Taken together, our findings will lead to an increased understanding of the genetic architecture of sleep spindles and their relation to behavioural and health outcomes, including neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.