ArticleNPJ Parkinson's disease2017
The gut-brain axis: is intestinal inflammation a silent driver of Parkinson's disease pathogenesis?
Article in NPJ Parkinson's disease, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 317 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
317 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 587 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacological effects and mechanisms of curcumin in animal models of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Inflammatory bowel disease and risk of Parkinson's disease: evidence from a meta-analysis of 14 studies involving more than 13.4 million individuals.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Inflammatory microbes and genes as potential biomarkers of Parkinson's disease.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2022Pooled it
- Establishing gene regulatory networks from Parkinson's disease risk loci.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2022Pooled it
- The Gut-Brain Axis and Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Mechanistic Pathways to Therapeutic Interventions.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- The immuno-neurological axis: association between autoimmune diseases and dementia risk.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Parkinson's Disease: Pathophysiology, Treatment Strategies, Wellness Approaches, and Obstacles/Paths Forward.NeuroSci · 2026Review
- Review
- Deterministic selection and compositional turnover in Parkinson's disease-associated gut dysbiosis.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Article
- The Gut-Brain-Immune Axis: Multi-Omics Insights into Neurodegenerative and Metabolic Diseases.Cells · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of Exercise-Mediated Regulation of the Gut-Brain Axis in Parkinson's Disease.Nutrients · 2026Review
- The Influence of Gut Microbiome on Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation: Implications for Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Shared gene signatures and biochemical regulatory networks linking Parkinson's disease and ulcerative colitis.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Shared functional microbiome signatures in Parkinson's disease and constipation predominate irritable bowel syndrome despite taxonomic divergence.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Mendelian randomization study of genetic interactions between Alzheimer disease and celiac disease.Medicine · 2026Article
- Short-Chain Fatty Acids Regulate Poultry Feed Intake via the Hypothalamus: Receptor-Mediated and Epigenetic Mechanisms.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- Evodiamine alleviates MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease in mice by regulating gut microbiota and suppressing TLR4/MyD88/NF-kB pathway.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Sex-specific metabolic and microbial remodeling in a rotenone-induced rat model of Parkinson's disease following nicotine administration.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- TLR4-Mediated Immune Dysfunction Links MASLD and Parkinson's Disease: Insights from an Omics-Based Network Analysis.NeuroSci · 2026Article
- Constipation Is Linked to Neuroinflammation in Early Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Article
257 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The state of the intestinal environment can have profound effects on the activity of the central nervous system through the physiological contributions of the microbiota, regulation of intestinal barrier function, and altered activity of peripheral neurons. The common language employed for much of the gut-brain communication is the modulation of immune activity. Chronic proinflammatory immune activity is increasingly being recognized as a fundamental element of neurodegenerative disorders, and in Parkinson's disease, inflammation in the intestine appears particularly relevant in pathogenesis. We review the evidence that intestinal dysfunction is present in Parkinson's disease and that it may reflect the earliest manifestations of Parkinson's disease pathology, and we link these findings to dysregulated immune activity. Based on this, we present a model for Parkinson's disease pathogenesis in which the disorder originates in the intestine and progresses with inflammation as its underlying mechanism. More in-depth investigations into the physiological mechanisms underlying peripheral pre-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease are expected to lead to the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic measures that can slow or limit progression of the disease to more advanced stages involving debilitating motor and cognitive symptoms.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.