ArticleJournal of foot and ankle research2017
Clinically-evident tophi are associated with reduced muscle force in the foot and ankle in people with gout: a cross-sectional study.
Article in Journal of foot and ankle research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of a footwear intervention on foot pain and disability in people with gout: a randomised controlled trial.Arthritis research & therapy · 2019Trial
- Gouty arthritis and cryotherapy in a manual practitioner: an imaging case review.The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association · 2026Article
- [Multidisciplinary expert consensus on tophus damage grading and surgical treatment (2025 edition)].Zhonghua shao shang yu chuang mian xiu fu za zhi · 2026Article
- Tophus severity grading and surgical treatment: Chinese Medical Doctor Association Multidisciplinary Expert Consensus Statement and Recommendations, 2025.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Article
- Gouty Tophi in Developed Countries: Uncovering Underlying Brain Diseases.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Physical Impairments in People With Gout: A Scoping Review.Musculoskeletal care · 2025Article
- Analysis of the efficacy of multidisciplinary integration based on 3D reconstruction technology for the treatment of gout stone.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- [Nomographic Model for Predicting Severe Foot Pain in Nurses from Tertiary Hospitals in China].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2023Article
- Presence of tophi is associated with a rapid decline in the renal function in patients with gout.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Comparison of persistence rates between allopurinol and febuxostat as first-line urate-lowering therapy in patients with gout: an 8-year retrospective cohort study.Clinical rheumatology · 2020Article
- Differences in Achilles tendon stiffness in people with gout: a pilot study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2020Article
- Central Tendon-Splitting Approach and Double Row Suturing for the Treatment of Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy.BioMed research international · 2019Article
- Tophus resolution in patients with chronic refractory gout who have persistent urate-lowering responses to pegloticase.Arthritis research & therapy · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe foot and ankle represent a common site for tophi in people with gout, yet it is unclear whether the presence of tophi is related to impaired muscle function. This study aimed to determine the association between foot and ankle tophi and muscle force in people with gout.
methodsParticipants with gout were stratified into two groups based on the presence of clinically-evident tophi affecting the foot or ankle on physical examination. Isometric muscle force for plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion and eversion was measured using static dynamometry. Mixed-models regression was used to determine the difference in muscle force between the two groups while adjusting for age, disease duration and foot pain. This model was also used to determine the difference in muscle force between presence and absence of tophi at specific locations within the foot and ankle. In addition, Pearson's correlations were used to determine the association between total foot tophus count and muscle force.
resultsFifty-seven participants were included (22 with foot or ankle tophi and 35 without foot or ankle tophi). Foot and ankle tophi were most often seen at the Achilles tendon. After adjusting for age, disease duration and foot pain, participants with tophi had significantly reduced muscle force during plantarflexion (
conclusionIn people with gout, clinically-evident foot or ankle tophi are associated with muscle force deficits during foot plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion and eversion, which persist despite adjusting for age, disease duration and foot pain. Tophi at the Achilles tendon, which associate with force deficits, may contribute to reduced muscular activation and consequent disuse muscle atrophy.
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