ReviewFrontiers in immunology2017
Cocoa and Dark Chocolate Polyphenols: From Biology to Clinical Applications.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 150 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Cocoa Consumption on Cardiometabolic Risk Markers: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Cocoa Extract Supplementation and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The Cocoa Supplement and Multivitamin Outcomes Study (COSMOS) Randomized Clinical Trial.Diabetes care · 2023Trial
- Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial: Comparative Efficacy of Dark Chocolate, Coconut Water, and Ibuprofen in Managing Primary Dysmenorrhea.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Effects of Milk vs Dark Chocolate Consumption on Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity Within 2 Hours: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA ophthalmology · 2018Trial
- Associations Between Chocolate Consumption and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers Across Metabolic Profiles: Insights from a Population-Based Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Potential Application of Cocoa Extract in Preventing Skin Cancer Through Inhibition of Adenosine Receptor A2, VEGFR-2, and BCL-2:Medeniyet medical journal · 2026Article
- Different Forms of the AdaptogenPolymers · 2026Article
- Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Chocolates Supplemented with Bioactive Ingredients.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Antiobesity Potential of Selected Latin American Edible Plants: A Review.Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Antioxidant Potential of Polyphenolic Compounds, Sources, Extraction, Purification and Characterization Techniques: A Focused Review.Food science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Association between energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index and sleep quality disorders: a cross-sectional study on fasa adult cohort.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Causal Relationships and Potential Mediators Between Dietary Preferences and Risk of NAFLD.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Chemical Constituents and Antifungal Properties ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Polyphenol-polysaccharide interactions: molecular mechanisms and potential applications in food systems - a comprehensive review.Food production, processing and nutrition · 2025Review
- The association between polyphenol consumption and stroke risk factors in Saudi Arabia.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Effects of choline metabolite-trimethylamine N-oxide on immunometabolism in inflammatory bowel disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Hyperhomocysteinemia: Underlying Links to Stroke and Hydrocephalus, with a Focus on Polyphenol-Based Therapeutic Approaches.Nutrients · 2024Review
- (Poly)phenols and brain health - beyond their antioxidant capacity.FEBS letters · 2024Review
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is well known that cocoa and dark chocolate possess polyphenols as major constituents whose dietary consumption has been associated to beneficial effects. In fact, cocoa and dark chocolate polyphenols exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities switching on some important signaling pathways such as toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor κB/signal transducer and activator of transcription. In particular, cocoa polyphenols induce release of nitric oxide (NO) through activation of endothelial NO synthase which, in turn, accounts for vasodilation and cardioprotective effects. In the light of the above described properties, a number of clinical trials based on the consumption of cocoa and dark chocolate have been conducted in healthy subjects as well as in different categories of patients, such as those affected by cardiovascular, neurological, intestinal, and metabolic pathologies. Even if data are not always concordant, modifications of biomarkers of disease are frequently associated to improvement of clinical manifestations. Quite interestingly, following cocoa and dark chocolate ingestion, cocoa polyphenols also modulate intestinal microbiota, thus leading to the growth of bacteria that trigger a tolerogenic anti-inflammatory pathway in the host. Finally, many evidences encourage the consumption of cocoa and dark chocolate by aged people for the recovery of the neurovascular unit.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.