ReviewCytokine2019
IL-35, as a newly proposed homeostasis-associated molecular pattern, plays three major functions including anti-inflammatory initiator, effector, and blocker in cardiovascular diseases.
Review in Cytokine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of Interleukin-35 in Endothelial Dysfunction: A New Target for Therapeutic Intervention.Mediators of inflammation · 2025Pooled it
- Anti-Inflammatory Interleukins in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Novel Organelle-Based Intracellular Immunity with Mechanistic and Therapeutic Implications.Barrier immunity · 2026Article
- Immune dysfunction in Alzheimer disease.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- IL-35 enhances IL-10⁺ breg-mediated immunoregulation and attenuates inflammation and fibrosis in systemic sclerosis.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Article
- Reduced R-loop abundance at proinflammatory loci: a shared epigenetic mechanism in inflammatory and metabolic diseases.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Divergent roles of IL-35 and IL-39 in rheumatoid arthritis: restoring cytokine balance within the IL-12 family.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- IL-35, IL-37, and IL-38 in acute pancreatitis: proposed immunopathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- PS77: a novel peptide with α-helical structure for targeted anti-inflammatory therapy in biomaterials design.Immunologic research · 2025Article
- Bioinformatic analysis of the regulatory potential of tagging SNPs provides evidence of the involvement of genes encoding the heat-resistant obscure (Hero) proteins in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.Journal of integrative bioinformatics · 2025Article
- High interleukin-35 expression is associated with the severity of rheumatic mitral stenosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Review
- Protein-rich foods, sea foods, and gut microbiota amplify immune responses in chronic diseases and cancers - Targeting PERK as a novel therapeutic strategy for chronic inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Perspective: Pathological transdifferentiation-a novel therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases and chronic inflammation.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
- Early hyperlipidemia triggers metabolomic reprogramming with increased SAH, increased acetyl-CoA-cholesterol synthesis, and decreased glycolysis.Redox biology · 2023Article
- SERPINE1 mRNA Binding Protein 1 Is Associated with Ischemic Stroke Risk: A Comprehensive Molecular-Genetic and Bioinformatics Analysis ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Macrophage-specific autophagy-related gene HSPB8 is involved in the macrophage polarization in atherosclerosis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2023Article
- JNK/c-Jun pathway activation is essential for HBx-induced IL-35 elevation to promote persistent HBV infection.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2023Article
- EVs vs. EVs: MSCs and Tregs as a source of invisible possibilities.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2023Review
- Abnormal expression of CXCL13, MIF and IL-35 in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and its relationship with disease severity.Central-European journal of immunology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
IL-35 is a new anti-inflammatory cytokine identified in 2007, which inhibits inflammation and immune responses by inducing regulatory T cells and regulatory B cells and suppressing effector T cells and macrophages. The unique initiator and effector anti-inflammatory properties of IL-35 bring tremendous interest in investigating its role during cardiovascular disease (CVD) development, in which inflammatory processes are firmly established as central to its development and complications. In this review, we update recent understanding of how IL-35 is produced and regulated in the cells. In addition, we outline the signaling pathways affected by IL-35 in different cell types. Furthermore, we summarize the roles of IL-35 in atherosclerosis, diabetes, and sepsis. We propose a new working model that IL-35 and its receptors are novel homeostasis-associated molecular pattern (HAMP) and HAMP receptors, respectively, which explains the complex nature of IL-35 signaling as an anti-inflammatory initiator, effector and blocker. Thorough understanding of this topic is significant towards development of new anti-inflammatory therapies against CVDs and other diseases. (total words: 163).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.