ArticleUrologic oncology2017
Survival differences among patients with bladder cancer according to sex: Critical evaluation of radical cystectomy use and delay to treatment.
Article in Urologic oncology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of Factors Associated with the Utilization of Radical Cystectomy for Bladder Cancer.European urology oncology · 2019Pooled it
- Oncological outcome and survival predictors of widowed patients with bladder cancer in special populations.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Diminishing the Gender-Related Disparity in Survival among Chemotherapy Pre-Treated Patients after Radical Cystectomy-A Multicenter Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- A systematic review and meta-analysis on delaying surgery for urothelial carcinoma of bladder and upper tract urothelial carcinoma: Implications for the COVID19 pandemic and beyond.Frontiers in surgery · 2022Review
- Dysuria therapeutic agents as an independent prognostic factor for the primary recurrence of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a propensity score matching study.The Journal of international medical research · 2021Article
- Bladder cancer in patients younger than 40 years: outcomes from the National Cancer Database.World journal of urology · 2021Article
- Survival rate of patients with bladder cancer and its related factors in Kurdistan Province (2013-2018): a population-based study.BMC urology · 2020Article
- Disparities in Bladder Cancer Outcomes Based on Key Sociodemographic Characteristics.Current urology reports · 2020Review
- No Gender Differences in Long-Term Survival after Brachytherapy of 1,541 Patients with Uveal Melanoma.Ocular oncology and pathology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveSex differences in bladder cancer survival are well known. However, the effect of type of treatment, timing to surgery when rendered, and survival outcomes according to sex have not been extensively examined. Given the relatively low incidence of bladder cancer in females, large multicenter and population-based studies are required to elucidate sex differences in survival. In this study, we sought to characterize the effect of use and timing of radical cystectomy (RC) according to sex and survival outcomes.
methodsA total of 9,907 patients aged 66 years or older diagnosed with clinical stage II to IV N0M0 bladder cancer from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2011 from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare data were analyzed. We used multivariable regression analyses to identify factors predicting the use and delay of RC. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze survival outcomes.
resultsOf the 9,907 patients diagnosed with bladder cancer, 3,256 (32.9%) were females. Women were significantly more likely to undergo RC across all stages compared to their male counterparts (stage II: relative risk [RR] = 1.48, 95% CI: 1.33-1.65, P<0.001; stage III: RR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.13-1.37, P<0.001; and stage IV: RR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.19-1.49, P<0.001). Moreover, there was no significant difference in delay to RC according to sex across all clinical stages. Using propensity score matching, women had worse overall (hazard ratio = 1.07; CI: 1.01-1.14; P = 0.024), and worse cancer-specific survival (hazard ratio = 1.26; CI: 1.17-1.36, P<0.001) than men.
conclusionSex differences persist with women who are significantly more likely to undergo RC independent of clinical stage. However, women have significantly worse survival than men. Delay from diagnosis to surgery did not account for this decreased survival among women.
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