ArticleThe Journal of investigative dermatology2017
Differential Activation of Human Keratinocytes by Leishmania Species Causing Localized or Disseminated Disease.
Article in The Journal of investigative dermatology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Revisiting the past in light of current knowledge on γδ T cells in leishmaniasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- An overview of host immune responses against Leishmania spp. infections.Human molecular genetics · 2025Review
- New insights into the life cycle, host cell tropism, and infection amplification ofInfection and immunity · 2025Review
- LeishTec vaccination disrupts vertical transmission of Leishmania infantum.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Oxidative Stress and Survival ofExpert reviews in molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Human macrophages release exosomes containing anti-inflammatory microRNAs after phagocytosis ofFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Proinflammatory Chemokines in HIV Patients with AsymptomaticTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- The significance of mosquito saliva in arbovirus transmission and pathogenesis in the vertebrate host.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Potential Biomarkers for Asymptomatic Visceral Leishmaniasis among Iraq-Deployed U.S. Military Personnel.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Unrevealing the Mystery of Latent Leishmaniasis: What Cells Can HostPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- In vivo transcriptional analysis of mice infected with Leishmania major unveils cellular heterogeneity and altered transcriptomic profiling at single-cell resolution.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Visceral Leishmaniasis and the Skin: Dermal Parasite Transmission to Sand Flies.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The Impact of Neutrophil Recruitment to the Skin on the Pathology Induced byFrontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Article
- Leishmania major degrades murine CXCL1 - An immune evasion strategy.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- TLR2 Signaling in Skin Nonhematopoietic Cells Induces Early Neutrophil Recruitment in Response to Leishmania major Infection.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2019Article
- Osteopontin in the host response to Leishmania amazonensis.BMC microbiology · 2019Article
- Maternal Leishmania infantum infection status has significant impact on leishmaniasis in offspring.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
All Leishmania species parasites are introduced into mammalian skin through a sand fly bite, but different species cause distinct clinical outcomes. Mouse studies suggest that early responses are critical determinants of subsequent adaptive immunity in leishmaniasis, yet few studies address the role of keratinocytes, the most abundant cell in the epidermis. We hypothesized that Leishmania infection causes keratinocytes to produce immunomodulatory factors that influence the outcome of infection. Incubation of primary or immortalized human keratinocytes with Leishmania infantum or Leishmania major, which cause visceral or cutaneous leishmaniasis, respectively, elicited dramatically different responses. Keratinocytes incubated with L. infantum significantly increased expression of proinflammatory genes for IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor, and IL-1B, whereas keratinocytes exposed to several L. major isolates did not. Furthermore, keratinocyte-monocyte co-incubation studies across a 4 µM semipermeable membrane suggested that L. infantum-exposed keratinocytes release soluble factors that enhance monocyte control of intracellular L. infantum replication (P < 0.01). L. major-exposed keratinocytes had no comparable effect. These data suggest that L. infantum and L. major differentially activate keratinocytes to release factors that limit infection in monocytes. We propose that keratinocytes initiate or withhold a proinflammatory response at the site of infection, generating a microenvironment uniquely tailored to each Leishmania species that may affect the course of disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.