ArticleRedox biology2017
Offsetting the impact of smoking and e-cigarette vaping on the cerebrovascular system and stroke injury: Is Metformin a viable countermeasure?
Article in Redox biology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuro-Protective Role of Metformin in Patients with Acute Stroke and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus via AMPK/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signaling Pathway and Oxidative Stress.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2019Trial
- Nicotine-containing products and the cardiovascular system: mechanisms and global health implications.Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Emerging multisystem disease mechanisms of e-cigarette vaping on human health.Toxicology reports · 2026Review
- Nicotine-Mediated Alterations in Exosome Content: Implications for Stroke and Neurological Dysfunction.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Tactile learning and memory deficits following cigarette and e-cigarette exposure: neural alterations in the barrel cortex and hippocampus.Cognitive processing · 2026Article
- Multisystem Toxicity of E-Cigarettes in Preclinical and Clinical Studies: Pathophysiologic Effects of E-Cigarette Aerosol Exposures from Head to Toe.Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology · 2026Review
- Antidiabetic Agents as Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Therapies in Neurological and Cardiovascular Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Metformin's protection against blood-brain barrier disruption and neuronal dysfunction under oxygen-glucose deprivation and tobacco smoke and e-vape chemical exposure.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Article
- Immunosenescence: signaling pathways, diseases and therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Evaluation of systemic and brain pharmacokinetic parameters for repurposing metformin using intravenous bolus administration.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
- Cross-sectional study on smoking types and stroke risk: development of a predictive model for identifying stroke risk.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- The Lung-Brain Axis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-Associated Neurocognitive Dysfunction: Mechanistic Insights and Potential Therapeutic Options.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- The Hidden Dangers: E-Cigarettes, Heated Tobacco, and Their Impact on Oxidative Stress and Atherosclerosis-A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis of the Evidence.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Altered insular functional activity among electronic cigarettes users with nicotine dependence.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Changes in metabolic hormones and trace elements in CSF in active smokers indicate oxidative damage to brain cells.Endocrine connections · 2024Article
- A literature review addressing midwakh and e-cigarette use in the Gulf region.The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association · 2023Review
- Endothelial-derived extracellular vesicles associated with electronic cigarette use impair cerebral microvascular cell function.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2023Article
- The function, mechanisms, and clinical applications of metformin: potential drug, unlimited potentials.Archives of pharmacal research · 2023Review
- Permeability of Metformin across an In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model during Normoxia and Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation Conditions: Role of Organic Cation Transporters (Octs).Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Association among Lifestyle and Risk Factors with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2023Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Recently published in vitro and in vivo findings strongly suggest that BBB impairment and increased risk for stroke by tobacco smoke (TS) closely resemble that of type-2 diabetes (2DM) and develop largely in response to common key modulators such oxidative stress (OS), inflammation and alterations of the endogenous antioxidative response system (ARE) regulated by the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2). Preclinical studies have also shown that nicotine (the principal e-liquid's ingredient used in e-cigarettes) can also cause OS, exacerbation of cerebral ischemia and secondary brain injury. Herein we provide evidence that likewise to TS, chronic e-Cigarette (e-Cig) vaping can be prodromal to the loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and vascular inflammation as well as act as a promoting factor for the onset of stroke and worsening of post-ischemic brain injury. In addition, recent reports have shown that Metformin (MF) treatment before and after ischemic injury reduces stress and inhibits inflammatory responses. Recent published data by our group revealead that MF promotes the activation of counteractive mechanisms mediated by the activation of Nrf2 which drastically reduce TS toxicity at the brain and cerebrovascular levels and protect BBB integrity. In this study we provide additional in vivo evidence showing that MF can effectively reduce the oxidative and inflammatory risk for stroke and attenuate post-ischemic brain injury promoted by TS and e-Cig vaping. Our data also suggest that MF administration could be extended as prophylactic care during the time window required for the renormalization of the risk levels of stroke following smoking cessation thus further studies in that direction are warrated.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.