Effect of e-cigarette advertisements and antismoking messages on explicit and implicit attitudes towards tobacco and e-cigarette smoking in 18-65-year-olds: a randomised controlled study protocol.

Paula Booth, Ian P Albery, Daniel Frings

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial

In one paragraph

Trial report in BMJ open, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03786042 (Does Exposure to Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Advertising Affect Positive Smoking Expectancies and Social Normative Beliefs About Smoking?), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 40% of its field

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03786042 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2019, after this paper: background citation

Does Exposure to Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Advertising Affect Positive Smoking Expectancies and Social Normative Beliefs About Smoking?

TypeinterventionalSponsorTrustees of Dartmouth CollegeRan2019 to 2021Enrolled139ConditionsAttentional Bias, Smoking Cues, Positive Perceptions About Cigarette Smoking, Social NormsArmsE-cigarette ad exposure, non e-cigarette TV commercials

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.

Perceptions of Somali American male young adults in Salt Lake City about social media marketing of e-cigarettes: a pilot study.Frontiers in public health · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Paula BoothDivision of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-5885-8240

Ian P AlberyDivision of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK.

Daniel FringsDivision of Psychology, School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK.

London South Bank University · GB

Funding

Cancer Research UK 20485Cancer Research UK C54622/A20485

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionSince the advent of e-cigarettes, e-cigarette advertising has escalated and companies are able to use marketing strategies that are not permissible for tobacco products. Research into the effect of e-cigarette advertising on attitudes towards tobacco and e-cigarettes is in its infancy. To date, no research has compared indirect (implicit) measures of attitude towards e-cigarettes with direct (explicit) measures. Furthermore, little consideration has been given to how viewing online advertisements may have an effect on attitudes towards e-cigarettes or how positive attitudes to e-cigarettes may undermine antismoking public health messages. The objectives of this study are to investigate (1) the relationship between explicit and implicit attitudes towards tobacco and e-cigarettes, (2) the effect of e-cigarette advertising on these attitudes and (3) the effect of these attitudes on the efficacy of antismoking health messages. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: In experiment 1 an analysis of covariance will be conducted to determine whether viewing an e-cigarette advertisement, compared with a neutral image, has an effect on implicit or explicit attitudes towards tobacco and e-cigarettes, and if these attitudes differ between smokers, vapers and non-smokers aged 18 - 25 years. In experiment 2, moderation analysis will be conducted to assess whether attitudes towards e-cigarettes moderate the psychological efficacy of antismoking health messages in participants aged 18-65 years. In each experiment, attitudes will be measured preintervention and postintervention and 1 week later (n=150) in participants who are smokers (n=50), vapers (n=50) or non-smokers (n=50). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Approval for this study has been given by the London South Bank University's (LSBU) Research Ethics Committee. The findings of these studies will be submitted for publication and disseminated via conferences. The results will be integrated into course provision for practitioners training at LSBU.

Indexed as

AdvertisingAttitudeElectronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsAdolescentAdultAgedFemaleHumansLondonMaleMiddle AgedResearch DesignSmokingSmoking CessationYoung AdultAdvertisementsAnti-Smoking MessagesAttitudesE-cigarettesTobacco

Identifiers

PMID28645957

DOI10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014361

PMCPMC5623370

OpenAlexW2683665261

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY-NC

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

NCT03786042ClinicalTrials.gov

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.