ArticleJournal of physiological anthropology2017
Neuromuscular function during knee extension exercise after cold water immersion.
Article in Journal of physiological anthropology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of cold water immersion on balance and postural control in young healthy individuals: a systematic review.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Pooled it
- Factors Influencing Blood Lactate Concentration During Exercise: A Narrative Review With a Lactate Shuttle Perspective.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2025Review
- Effects of Whole-Body and Lower-Body Cold-Water Immersion on Exercise-Induced Pain Score, Muscle Damage Indices, and Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contractions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Recent updates on cold adaptation in population and laboratory studies, including cross-adaptation with nonthermal factors.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2025Review
- Hand and forearm immersion in hot water at half-time enhances subsequent leg muscle strength.Sports medicine international open · 2025Article
- The Influence of Cold Therapy on the Physical Working Capacity at the Electromyographic Threshold for Consecutive Exercise Sessions.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Influence of temperature on twitch potentiation following submaximal voluntary contractions in human plantar flexor muscles.Physiological reports · 2023Article
- Direct Effect of Local Cryotherapy on Muscle Stimulation, Pain and Strength in Male Office Workers with Lateral Epicondylitis, Non-Randomized Clinical Trial Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Efficacy of Different Cold-Water Immersion Temperatures on Neuromotor Performance in Young Athletes.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Effects of muscle cooling on kinetics of pulmonary oxygen uptake and muscle deoxygenation at the onset of exercise.Physiological reports · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHuman adaptability to cold environment has been focused on in the physiological anthropology and related research area. Concerning the human acclimatization process in the natural climate, it is necessary to conduct a research assessing comprehensive effect of cold environment and physical activities in cold. This study investigated the effect of cold water immersion on the exercise performance and neuromuscular function during maximal and submaximal isometric knee extension.
methodsNine healthy males participated in this study. They performed maximal and submaximal (20, 40, and 60% maximal load) isometric knee extension pre- and post-immersion in 23, 26, and 34 °C water. The muscle activity of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) was measured using surface electromyography (EMG). The percentages of the maximum voluntary contraction (%MVC) and mean power frequency (MPF) of EMG data were analyzed.
resultsThe post-immersion maximal force was significantly lower in 23 °C than in 26 and 34 °C conditions (P < 0.05). The post-immersion %MVC of RF was significantly higher than pre-immersion during 60% maximal exercise in 23 and 26 °C conditions (P < 0.05). In the VL, the post-immersion %MVC was significantly higher than pre-immersion in 23 and 26 °C conditions during 20% maximal exercise and in 26 °C at 40 and 60% maximal intensities (P < 0.05). The post-immersion %MVC of VL was significantly higher in 26 °C than in 34 °C at 20 and 60% maximal load (P < 0.05). The post-immersion MPF of RF during 20% maximal intensity was significantly lower in 23 °C than in 26 and 34 °C conditions (P < 0.05), and significantly different between three water temperature conditions at 40 and 60% maximal intensities (P < 0.05). The post-immersion MPF of VL during three submaximal trials were significantly lower in 23 and 26 °C than in 34 °C conditions (P < 0.05).
conclusionsThe lower shift of EMG frequency would be connected with the decrease in the nerve and muscle fibers conduction velocity. To compensate for the impairment of each muscle fibers function, more muscle fibers might be recruited to maintain the working load. This might result in the greater amplitude of EMG after the cold immersion.
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