ArticleEnvironmental research2017
Benzene and childhood acute leukemia in Oklahoma.
Article in Environmental research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 17 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exposure to outdoor air pollution at different periods and the risk of leukemia: a meta-analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Pooled it
- The association between air pollution and cancers: controversial evidence of a systematic review.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020Pooled it
- Association between Outdoor Air Pollution and Childhood Leukemia: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.Environmental health perspectives · 2019Pooled it
- Linking Air Pollution and Hematologic Malignancies: From Epidemiology to Molecular Mechanisms.Current hematologic malignancy reports · 2026Review
- The association between air pollution exposure and childhood cancer: a scoping review about the challenges in epidemiological studies.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Exposures from Oil and Gas Development and Childhood Leukemia Risk in Colorado: A Population-Based Case-Control Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Environmental Pollution and Risk of Childhood Cancer: A Scoping Review of Evidence from the Last Decade.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Health risk assessment of exposure to various vapors and fumes in a factory of automobile manufacturing.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Health Risk Assessment in Children Occupationally and Para-Occupationally Exposed to Benzene Using a Reverse-Translation PBPK Model.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Multiple air pollutants exposure and leukaemia incidence in Tehran, Iran from 2010 to 2016: a retrospective cohort study.BMJ open · 2022Article
- Recent Insights into Particulate Matter (PMInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Chitosan as possible inhibitory agents and delivery systems in leukemia.Cancer cell international · 2021Review
- Exposure to BTEX concentration and the related health risk assessment in printing and copying centers.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Epidemiology and Etiology of Leukemia and Lymphoma.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2020Review
- Benzene metabolites trigger pyroptosis and contribute to haematotoxicity via TET2 directly regulating the Aim2/Casp1 pathway.EBioMedicine · 2019Article
- Review
- Maternal exposure to gasoline and exhaust increases the risk of childhood leukaemia in offspring - a prospective study in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.British journal of cancer · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough childhood cancer is a leading cause of childhood mortality in the US, evidence regarding the etiology is lacking. The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between benzene, a known carcinogen, and childhood acute leukemia.
methodsWe conducted a case-control study including cases diagnosed with acute leukemia between 1997 and 2012 (n = 307) from the Oklahoma Central Cancer Registry and controls matched on week of birth from birth certificates (n = 1013). We used conditional logistic regression to evaluate the association between benzene, measured with the 2005 National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment (NATA) at census tract of the birth residence, and childhood acute leukemia.
resultsWe observed no differences in benzene exposure overall between cases and controls. However, when stratified by year of birth, cases born from 2005 to 2010 had a three-fold increased unadjusted odds of elevated exposure compared to controls born in this same time period (4th Quartile OR: 3.53, 95% CI: 1.35, 9.27). Furthermore, the estimates for children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were stronger than those with acute lymphoid leukemia, though not statistically significant.
conclusionsWhile we did not observe an association between benzene and childhood leukemia overall, our results suggest that acute leukemia is associated with increased benzene exposure among more recent births, and children with AML may have increased benzene exposure at birth. Using the NATA estimates allowed us to assess a specific pollutant at the census tract level, providing an advantage over monitor or point source data. Our study, however, cannot rule out the possibility that benzene may be a marker of other traffic-related exposures and temporal misclassification may explain the lack of an association among earlier births.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.