ReviewImmunogenetics2018
PD-1 and cancer: molecular mechanisms and polymorphisms.
Review in Immunogenetics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 161 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of immune checkpoint-related polymorphisms in PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 genes with susceptibility to genitourinary cancer: a meta-analysis.Immunologic research · 2026Pooled it
- PDCD1 gene polymorphisms linked with altered risk of female-specific hormone-dependent cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Associations of PD-1 and PD-L1 gene polymorphisms with cancer risk: a meta-analysis based on 50 studies.Aging · 2024Pooled it
- Prognostic value of programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- PD-1 inhibitors versus chemotherapy as second-line treatment for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2021Pooled it
- Mogamulizumab in Combination with Nivolumab in a Phase I/II Study of Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2022Trial
- Review
- Clinical Impact of a Common PDCD1 Germline Variant in DLBCL Patients Treated with CAR-T Cell Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Genetic variability of immune checkpoints in asbestos-related diseases.Radiology and oncology · 2026Article
- The role of tumor-associated macrophages in cancer development and their significance as prognostic markers.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Association of PD-1 gene polymorphisms and serum soluble PD-1 levels with type 1 diabetes mellitus susceptibility in a Chinese Han cohort: a case-control study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Radiotherapy Combined with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor on Murine Fibrosarcoma and a Narrative Review of Clinical Studies.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Association of PD-1 immune checkpoint polymorphisms with oral cancer risk: results from a Pakistani case-control study.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Review
- In-silico analysis unveiling the role of cancer stem cells in immunotherapy resistance of immune checkpoint-high pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Disease-modifying pharmacological treatments of type 1 diabetes: Molecular mechanisms, target checkpoints, and possible combinatorial treatments.Pharmacological reviews · 2025Review
- Advances in PD-1/PD-L1 pathway inhibitors in the treatment of thyroid cancer: mechanisms and clinical therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Expression of PDL-1 and PD1 in the Microenvironment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2024Article
- Cancer and immune response: The role of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint in laryngeal carcinoma. Preliminary results.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2024Article
- The miRNA and PD-1/PD-L1 signaling axis: an arsenal of immunotherapeutic targets against lung cancer.Cell death discovery · 2024Review
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is expressed by activated T cells that act as an immunoregulatory molecule, and are responsible for the negative regulation of T cell activation and peripheral tolerance. The PD-1 gene also encodes an inhibitory cell surface receptor involved in the regulation of T cell functions during immune responses/tolerance. Beyond potent inhibitory effects on T cells, PD-1 also has a role in regulating B cell and monocyte responses. An overexpression of PD-1 has been reported to contribute to immune system avoidance in different cancers. In particular, PD-1 over-expression influences tumor-specific T cell immunity in a cancer microenvironment. Blocking the PD-1/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) pathway could potentially augment endogenous antitumor responses. Along these lines, the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors has been applied in clinical trials against diverse forms of cancer. It was believed that antibodies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 might synergize with other treatments that enhance endogenous antitumor immunity by blocking inhibitory receptor-ligand interactions. However, in all cases, the host genetic status (as well as that of the tumor) is likely to have an impact on the expected outcomes. Various investigations have evaluated the association between PD-1 polymorphisms and the risk of various types of cancer. Frequently studied PD-1 polymorphisms, PD-1.1 (rs36084323), PD-1.3 (rs11568821), PD-1.5 (rs2227981), PD-1.9 (rs2227982), and PD-1 rs7421861, and their associations in the risk of susceptibility to different types of cancer are mentioned in this review, as are studies highlighting the significance of conducting genetic association studies in different ethnic populations.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.