ReviewCancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology2017
A Review of Pulmonary Toxicity of Electronic Cigarettes in the Context of Smoking: A Focus on Inflammation.
Review in Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Inflammatory and Carcinogenic Biomarker Signatures in E-Cigarette Users: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of ∼24,000 Adults.International journal of public health · 2025Pooled it
- People smoke for nicotine, but lose sexual and reproductive health for tar: a narrative review on the effect of cigarette smoking on male sexuality and reproduction.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2020Pooled it
- Lung lipids associated with smoking and ECIG use in a cross-sectional study and clinical trial.Respiratory research · 2025Trial
- Effects of Electronic Cigarette Constituents on the Human Lung: A Pilot Clinical Trial.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2020Trial
- Vaping induces a marked pro-inflammatory state within the lung, which is at least partially due to its immunomodulatory effects.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Multidimensional exposure architecture shapes vaping-associated transcriptomic dysregulation in oral epithelium.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Mouse Lungs Following Nose-Only Exposures.Chemical research in toxicology · 2025Article
- Local and systemic effects in e-cigarette users compared to cigarette smokers, dual users, and non-smokers.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Electronic Cigarette-Derived Metals: Exposure and Health Risks in Vapers.Chemical research in toxicology · 2025Review
- The effects of flavored vaped e-liquids on cultured human macrophages derived from the central and peripheral nervous systems.Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA · 2025Article
- Review
- Altered expression profile of plasma exosomal microRNAs in exclusive electronic cigarette adult users.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Inflammatory response to chronic nicotine-containing electronic cigarette exposure in a rat model of myocardial infarction.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- A narrative review of precision and ethical considerations in cardiovascular health: CRISPR-Cas9, telemedicine, and lifestyle interventions.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Social Media Marketing Strategies for Electronic Cigarettes: Content Analysis of Chinese Weibo Accounts.Journal of medical Internet research · 2024Article
- The Untapped Biomarker Potential of MicroRNAs for Health Risk-Benefit Analysis of Vaping vs. Smoking.Cells · 2024Review
- Exploring the Utility of Long Non-Coding RNAs for Assessing the Health Consequences of Vaping.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- GC/HRMS Analysis of E-Liquids Complements In Vivo Modeling Methods and can Help to Predict Toxicity.ACS omega · 2024Article
- Direct health implications of e-cigarette use: a systematic scoping review with evidence assessment.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Sex-specific lung inflammation and mitochondrial damage in a model of electronic cigarette exposure in asthma.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2023Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) is increasing rapidly, but their effects on lung toxicity are largely unknown. Smoking is a well-established cause of lung cancer and respiratory disease, in part through inflammation. It is plausible that e-cig use might affect similar inflammatory pathways. E-cigs are used by some smokers as an aid for quitting or smoking reduction, and by never smokers (e.g., adolescents and young adults). The relative effects for impacting disease risk may differ for these groups. Cell culture and experimental animal data indicate that e-cigs have the potential for inducing inflammation, albeit much less than smoking. Human studies show that e-cig use in smokers is associated with substantial reductions in blood or urinary biomarkers of tobacco toxicants when completely switching and somewhat for dual use. However, the extent to which these biomarkers are surrogates for potential lung toxicity remains unclear. The FDA now has regulatory authority over e-cigs and can regulate product and e-liquid design features, such as nicotine content and delivery, voltage, e-liquid formulations, and flavors. All of these factors may impact pulmonary toxicity. This review summarizes current data on pulmonary inflammation related to both smoking and e-cig use, with a focus on human lung biomarkers.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.