Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28640998›Full record

ReviewChemical reviews2017

Oximes and Hydrazones in Bioconjugation: Mechanism and Catalysis.

Dominik K Kölmel, Eric T Kool

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Chemical reviews, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 221 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
221citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

221 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  15. Article
  16. It's a Gas: Bioconjugation With Vapor-Phase Reagents.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. On-Demand Chemically Degradable Hydrogels for Biological Applications.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026
    Review

161 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Dominik K KölmelDepartment of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6745-7951
Eric T KoolDepartment of Chemistry, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7310-2935

Funding

Templated Chemistry for RNA AnalysisR01GM068122 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI KOOL, ERIC T. · 2003 to 2016
$3.5M
POLYFLUOROPHORES ASSEMBLED ON A DNA SCAFFOLDR01GM067201 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI KOOL, ERIC T. · 2003 to 2011
$2.2M
Highly Reactive Hydrazone Chemistry: Orthogonal Modification in Cellular ContextsR01GM110050 · NIGMS · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI KOOL, ERIC T. · 2015 to 2018
$1.2M
NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM067201NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM068122NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM110050
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The formation of oximes and hydrazones is employed in numerous scientific fields as a simple and versatile conjugation strategy. This imine-forming reaction is applied in fields as diverse as polymer chemistry, biomaterials and hydrogels, dynamic combinatorial chemistry, organic synthesis, and chemical biology. Here we outline chemical developments in this field, with special focus on the past ∼10 years of developments. Recent strategies for installing reactive carbonyl groups and α-nucleophiles into biomolecules are described. The basic chemical properties of reactants and products in this reaction are then reviewed, with an eye to understanding the reaction's mechanism and how reactant structure controls rates and equilibria in the process. Recent work that has uncovered structural features and new mechanisms for speeding the reaction, sometimes by orders of magnitude, is discussed. We describe recent studies that have identified especially fast reacting aldehyde/ketone substrates and structural effects that lead to rapid-reacting α-nucleophiles as well. Among the most effective new strategies has been the development of substituents near the reactive aldehyde group that either transfer protons at the transition state or trap the initially formed tetrahedral intermediates. In addition, the recent development of efficient nucleophilic catalysts for the reaction is outlined, improving greatly upon aniline, the classical catalyst for imine formation. A number of uses of such second- and third-generation catalysts in bioconjugation and in cellular applications are highlighted. While formation of hydrazone and oxime has been traditionally regarded as being limited by slow rates, developments in the past 5 years have resulted in completely overturning this limitation; indeed, the reaction is now one of the fastest and most versatile reactions available for conjugations of biomolecules and biomaterials.

Indexed as

Biocompatible MaterialsCatalysisHydrazonesIminesMolecular StructureOximesBiocompatible MaterialsHydrazonesIminesOximes

Identifiers

PMID28640998
PMCPMC5580355

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.