ReviewClinical pharmacokinetics2018
Intracellular Pharmacokinetics of Antibacterials and Their Clinical Implications.
Review in Clinical pharmacokinetics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Have We Neglected to Study Target-Site Drug Exposure in Children? A Systematic Review of the Literature.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2024Pooled it
- Systematic review: the bioavailability of orally administered antibiotics during the initial phase of a systemic infection in non-ICU patients.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Drug Design and Delivery for Intracellular Bacteria: Emerging Paradigms.Drug development research · 2025Review
- ChronicInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Residue Elimination Patterns and Determination of the Withdrawal Times of Seven Antibiotics in Taihang Chickens.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Improving ADMET Prediction Accuracy for Candidate Drugs: Factors to Consider in QSPR Modeling Approaches.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- The Association of Serotonin Toxicity with Combination Linezolid-Serotonergic Agent Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Therapeutic drug monitoring of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in circulating leukocytes in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Review
- Misunderstandings and misinterpretations: Antimicrobial use and resistance in salmon aquaculture.Environmental microbiology reports · 2023Article
- Translatability of in vitro potency to clinical efficacious exposure: A retrospective analysis of FDA-approved targeted small molecule oncology drugs.Clinical and translational science · 2023Article
- The Use of Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance in Veterinary Medicine, a Complex Phenomenon: A Narrative Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- No evidence for relevant impact of renal replacement therapy on clinical effect of erythromycin in critically ill patients with sepsis.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Article
- The Issue of Pharmacokinetic-Driven Drug-Drug Interactions of Antibiotics: A Narrative Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Chinese ICU physicians' knowledge of antibiotic pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD): a cross-sectional survey.BMC medical education · 2022Article
- Positive Association Between Fluoroquinolone Exposure and Tendon Disorders: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Taiwan.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Serotonin syndrome by drug interactions with linezolid: clues from pharmacovigilance-pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Article
- Does In Vitro Potency Predict Clinically Efficacious Concentrations?Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2020Article
- Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of levofloxacin in bronchial mucosa and lung tissue of patients undergoing pulmonary operation.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2020Article
- Generation of new hair cells by DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt) inhibitor 5-azacytidine in a chemically-deafened mouse model.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Population Pharmacokinetics and Dosing Optimization of Azithromycin in Children with Community-Acquired Pneumonia.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The intracellular pharmacokinetics of the different classes of antimicrobials into surrogate markers of tissue accumulation (alveolar macrophages and/or total alveolar cells collected by means of bronchoalveolar lavage or peripheral white blood cells) was reviewed. The aim of this review was to discuss the clinical implications of the intracellular pharmacokinetics of antibacterials, either from the therapeutic or toxicological perspective. The different pharmacokinetic behaviour of antimicrobials within cells is mainly related to their physicochemical properties (hydrophilicity and lipophilicity), and may have several clinical implications. Therapeutic efficacy against intracellular pathogens has been correlated mainly with the intracellular concentrations achieved by the different antimicrobial agents. This is relevant especially for macrolides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones and rifampicin in the treatment of bacterial infections such as Legionella pneumophila pneumonia, Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, non-gonococcal urethritis and chronic staphylococcal infections. Additionally, intracellular accumulation of antibacterials was correlated with the possibility of causing organ-specific toxicity, as in the case of aminoglycosides in regard to the risk of nephrotoxicity. Finally, it should be kept in mind that intracellular accumulation may also represent a drug reservoir in the case of lipophilic antimicrobials. This may become extremely relevant from the clinical standpoint when treating critically ill patients with sepsis with antibacterials. The pathophysiology of sepsis may explain why it is necessary to start therapy with an increased loading dose of hydrophilic antimicrobials to promptly achieve therapeutically effective concentrations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.