ReviewNature reviews. Neuroscience2017
Neuroimmunology and neuroepigenetics in the establishment of sex differences in the brain.
Review in Nature reviews. Neuroscience, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 146 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
146 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 342 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-dependent vulnerability to early-life phthalates exposure and autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Sex Differences in Age at Onset and Presentation of Trichotillomania and Trichobezoar: A 120-Year Systematic Review of Cases.Child psychiatry and human development · 2022Pooled it
- Brain-based sex differences in autism spectrum disorder across the lifespan: A systematic review of structural MRI, fMRI, and DTI findings.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2021Pooled it
- Estrogen/Esr2b signaling-dependent, female-biased expression of a neuropeptide Y gene in the medaka brain.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Gut-brain-immune interactions in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2026Review
- Review
- Single-Nucleus Transcriptomics of the Mouse Medial Preoptic Area Reveals Sex-Dependent Molecular Signatures of Social Dominance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Reconsidering the Scope and Mechanisms of the Birth Order Effect on Sexual Orientation.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Post-COVID fatigue disproportionately affects women: evidence from the DEFEAT Corona cohort.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Gestational High-Fat Diet Drives Premature Differentiation of Orexigenic Neurons and Reactivity of Astrocytes in the Fetal Rat Lateral Hypothalamus.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Sexual Dimorphisms in Neurodevelopment May Affect TBI Recovery in Pediatric Patients.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- A male-dominant cell group expressing calbindin-D28K and androgen receptor in the mouse preoptic area requires postnatal testicular androgens and histone deacetylation.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Beyond Gender Binarism: Implications of Sex-Gender Diversity for Health Equity.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Sex-Specific Properties of Astrocytes: From Development to Evolutionary Insights.Neurochemical research · 2025Review
- Emergence of the sex difference in calbindin D-28K neurons and the role of calbindin D-28K in clustering neurons of the preoptic area in mice.Cell and tissue research · 2025Article
- Neonatal estradiol and early adversity interact to modify basolateral amygdala morphology and adult behavior in female rats.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Sex differences in brain-behavior relationships in the first 2 years of life.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2025Article
- Galactose Impairs Motor Performance and Cerebellar Signaling in Young Male Wistar Rats.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
86 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The study of sex differences in the brain is a topic of neuroscientific study that has broad reaching implications for culture, society and biomedical science. Recent research in rodent models has led to dramatic shifts in our views of the mechanisms underlying the sexual differentiation of the brain. These include the surprising discoveries of a role for immune cells and inflammatory mediators in brain masculinization and a role for epigenetic suppression in brain feminization. How and to what degree these findings will translate to human brain development will be questions of central importance in future research in this field.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.