ArticleTrials2017
Current globalization of drug interventional clinical trials: characteristics and associated factors, 2011-2013.
Article in Trials, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Operational complexities in international clinical trials: a systematic review of challenges and proposed solutions.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- Transition to psychosis in randomized clinical trials of individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis compared to observational cohorts: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Human and financial consequences of herding in oncology drug development: clinical trials of TIGIT inhibitors.BMJ oncology · 2026Article
- Principles of good practice for translation of electronic clinical outcome assessments.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2025Article
- Mesenchymal stem cell-derived cell-free technologies: a patent landscape.Biotechnology letters · 2024Review
- Breaking the unvirtuous cycle: barriers and opportunities for research and development in Paraguay. A case study.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Globalisation of industry-sponsored clinical trials for breast, lung and colon cancer research: trends, threats and opportunities.BMJ oncology · 2023Article
- Article
- Patient Benefit of Clinical Research in Diversely Advanced African Developing Countries.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental · 2022Article
- Characteristics of Industry-Sponsored Drug Clinical Trials Registered in Japan Pharmaceutical Information Center Clinical Trials Information 2010-2018.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2021Article
- Legal regulations, ethical guidelines and recent policies to increase transparency of clinical trials.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Review
- Some data quality issues at ClinicalTrials.gov.Trials · 2019Article
- [Globalization in medical research].Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift fur alle Gebiete der operativen Medizen · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundClinical trial globalization is a major trend for industry-sponsored clinical trials. There has been a shift in clinical trial sites towards emerging regions of Eastern Europe, Latin America, Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. Our study objectives were to evaluate the current characteristics of clinical trials and to find out the associated multiple factors which could explain clinical trial globalization and its implications for clinical trial globalization in 2011-2013.
methodsThe data elements of "phase," "recruitment status," "type of sponsor," "age groups," and "design of trial" from 30 countries were extracted from the ClinicalTrials.gov website. Ten continental representative countries including the USA were selected and the design elements were compared to those of the USA. Factors associated with trial site distribution were chosen for a multilinear regression analysis.
resultsThe USA, Germany, France, Canada, and United Kingdom were the "top five" countries which frequently held clinical trials. The design elements from nine continental representative countries were quite different from those of the USA; phase 1 trials were more prevalent in India (OR 1.517, p < 0.001) while phase 3 trials were much more prevalent in all nine representative countries than in the USA. A larger number of "child" age group trials was performed in Poland (OR 1.852, p < 0.001), Israel (OR 1.546, p = 0.005), and South Africa (OR 1.963, p < 0.001) than in the USA. Multivariate analysis showed that health care expenditure per capita, Economic Freedom Index, Human Capital Index, and Intellectual Property Rights Index could explain the variance of regional distribution of clinical trials by 63.6%.
conclusionsThe globalization of clinical trials in the emerging regions of Asia, South Africa, and Eastern Europe developed in parallel with the factors of economic drive, population for recruitment, and regulatory constraints.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.