ArticleThe Gerontologist2018
Family Caregivers of Older Adults, 1999-2015: Trends in Characteristics, Circumstances, and Role-Related Appraisal.
Article in The Gerontologist, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 109 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
109 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Interventions to support young carers/supporters of people living with dementia: a mixed methods systematic review.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2026Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Virtual Reality on the Caregiving Competence and Empathy of Caregivers for Elderly with Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of nursing management · 2023Pooled it
- Long-term effects of collaborative dementia care on quality of life and caregiver well-being.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Trial
- The Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Psychological Functioning in Family Caregivers: Secondary Analyses of a Randomized Controlled Trial.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2021Trial
- Adult Day Service Use Decreases Likelihood of a Missed Physician's Appointment Among Dementia Caregivers.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2019Trial
- Six-Month Effectiveness of Remote Activity Monitoring for Persons Living With Dementia and Their Family Caregivers: An Experimental Mixed Methods Study.The Gerontologist · 2019Trial
- Dementia Family Caregivers' Involvement and Perceived Challenges in Health Care Interactions: Informing the GUIDE Model.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Observational
- "Kinlessness", friend and family support, and cognitive function by region and urbanicity in the United States.Health & place · 2026Article
- Caregiving for Older Adults with Hypertension: A Scoping Review.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2026Review
- Kinship, gender, and the social networks of caregivers for older adults.The Gerontologist · 2026Article
- Health Patterns of Dementia Caregivers With Chronic Pain: Latent Profile Analysis of the PROMIS-29 Measure.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2026Article
- Pain Prevalence and Intensity Among Older Family Caregivers Versus Non-Caregivers in the United States.Journal of aging and health · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Social Support Networks of Underrepresented Caregivers: Sandwich, Millennial, Non-kin, and Male Caregivers.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2026Article
- Male Spousal Caregivers Are Increasing, but Only in Less Demanding Care Roles.Journal of marriage and the family · 2026Article
- Joint trajectories of burden and benefits of caregiving among informal caregivers of older adults with functional limitations: a longitudinal study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Dual Experience and Management of Pain in Older Adults and Their Caregivers.Clinics in geriatric medicine · 2026Review
- Stress and needs of caregivers of individuals with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic.Singapore medical journal · 2026Article
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in Caregiving Networks and Unmet Care Needs Among People Living With Cognitive Impairment.Research on aging · 2026Article
- Care network types and depression among people with cognitive impairment: A latent class analysis.PloS one · 2026Article
- A nation of caregivers: past, present, and future expectations of caregiving.Health affairs scholar · 2026Article
49 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose of Study: To assess trends in family caregiving between 1999 and 2015. Design and Methods: We construct nationally representative profiles of community-dwelling older adults receiving help with self-care or indoor mobility and their "primary" family or unpaid caregiver using the 1999 and 2004 National Long Term Care Survey, 2011 and 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study, and linked caregiver surveys. Trends are examined. Results: Older adults receiving help were incrementally younger, more racially diverse, and better educated in 2015. Primary caregivers overwhelmingly continued to be spouses and adult children. Arrangements were increasingly 4 years or longer in duration (shifting from 44.8% in 1999 to 60.5% by 2015). On average, primary caregivers provided about or in excess of 30 hr per week at all four time points. Spouses provided fewer hours of care, were twice as likely to work, and half as likely to report substantial emotional, physical, and financial difficulty due to caregiving in 2015 than 1999. Adult children provided comparable hours of care to a more impaired population; a similar proportion reported substantial caregiving-related difficulty at each time. Use of respite care nearly doubled from 8.5% in 1999 to 15.7% in 2015. Dementia caregivers were less likely to report substantial physical and financial difficulty and more likely to use respite care in 2015 than 1999. Implications: Family caregivers' circumstances generally improved during the 16-year period. Results diverge from prevailing concerns regarding the state of family caregiving and demonstrate the importance of longitudinally monitoring trends in late-life family caregiving.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.