Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28634883›Full record

ArticleThe AAPS journal2017

A Minimal Continuous-Time Markov Pharmacometric Model.

Emilie Schindler, Mats O Karlsson

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The AAPS journal, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
1.7field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.

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  7. A tutorial on pharmacometric Markov models.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Emilie SchindlerDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden.
Mats O KarlssonDepartment of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Box 591, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden. mats.karlsson@farmbio.uu.se.
Uppsala University · SE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this work, an alternative model to discrete-time Markov model (DTMM) or standard continuous-time Markov model (CTMM) for analyzing ordered categorical data with Markov properties is presented: the minimal CTMM (mCTMM). Through a CTMM reparameterization and under the assumption that the transition rate between two consecutive states is independent on the state, the Markov property is expressed through a single parameter, the mean equilibration time, and the steady-state probabilities are described by a proportional odds (PO) model. The mCTMM performance was evaluated and compared to the PO model (ignoring Markov features) and to published Markov models using three real data examples: the four-state fatigue and hand-foot syndrome data in cancer patients initially described by DTMM and the 11-state Likert pain score data in diabetic patients previously analyzed with a count model including Markovian transition probability inflation. The mCTMM better described the data than the PO model, and adequately predicted the average number of transitions per patient and the maximum achieved scores in all examples. As expected, mCTMM could not describe the data as well as more flexible DTMM but required fewer estimated parameters. The mCTMM better fitted Likert data than the count model. The mCTMM enables to explore the effect of potential predictive factors such as drug exposure and covariates, on ordered categorical data, while accounting for Markov features, in cases where DTMM and/or standard CTMM is not applicable or conveniently implemented, e.g., non-uniform time intervals between observations or large number of categories.

Indexed as

Markov ChainsModels, StatisticalHumansProbabilitynon-linear mixed effects modelsNONMEMordered categorical datapharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamicserial correlations

Identifiers

PMID28634883
OpenAlexW2656350344

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.