ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2017
Associations of Biomarker-Calibrated Sodium and Potassium Intakes With Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Postmenopausal Women.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary Sodium Intake and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2020Pooled it
- Dietary Sodium Intake and Health Indicators: A Systematic Review of Published Literature between January 2015 and December 2019.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- Causal Covariate Selection for the Regression Calibration Method for Exposure Measurement Error Bias Correction.Statistics in medicine · 2026Article
- The association between the sodium-potassium ratio and ICU mortality in cardiac arrest patients: an analysis of the eICU database.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Biomarker-assisted reporting in nutritional epidemiology: addressing measurement error in exposure-disease associations.Biostatistics (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Associations between sodium, potassium, and blood pressure: results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a prospective cohort study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- Development and preliminary validation of a prediction formula of sodium and sodium-to-potassium ratio based on multiple regression using 24-h urines.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Salt: a narrative review and local policy initiatives in Israel.Journal of public health policy · 2024Review
- USING SIMULTANEOUS REGRESSION CALIBRATION TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF MULTIPLE ERROR-PRONE EXPOSURES ON DISEASE RISK UTILIZING BIOMARKERS DEVELOPED FROM A CONTROLLED FEEDING STUDY.The annals of applied statistics · 2024Article
- Sodium, potassium intake, and all-cause mortality: confusion and new findings.BMC public health · 2024Observational
- Potassium - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.Food & nutrition research · 2024Article
- Sodium and potassium excretion and its association with cardiovascular disorders in Mexican adults.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Enhancing Capacity for Food and Nutrient Intake Assessment in Population Sciences Research.Annual review of public health · 2023Review
- Using Controlled Feeding Study for Biomarker Development in Regression Calibration for Disease Association Estimation.Statistics in biosciences · 2023Article
- Regression calibration utilizing biomarkers developed from high-dimensional metabolites.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Contributions of the Women's Health Initiative to Cardiovascular Research: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2022Review
- Dietary Reference Intakes of sodium for Koreans: focusing on a new DRI component for chronic disease risk reduction.Nutrition research and practice · 2022Review
- Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intake and Risk of Non-Fatal Cardiovascular Diseases: The Million Veteran Program.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Biomarker-Based Methods and Study Designs to Calibrate Dietary Intake for Assessing Diet-Disease Associations.The Journal of nutrition · 2022Article
- Novel Application of Nutritional Biomarkers From a Controlled Feeding Study and an Observational Study to Characterization of Dietary Patterns in Postmenopausal Women.American journal of epidemiology · 2021Observational
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
18 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Studies of the associations of sodium and potassium intakes with cardiovascular disease incidence often rely on self-reported dietary data. In the present study, self-reported intakes from postmenopausal women at 40 participating US clinical centers are calibrated using 24-hour urinary excretion measures in cohorts from the Women's Health Initiative, with follow-up from 1993 to 2010. The incidence of hypertension was positively related to (calibrated) sodium intake and to the ratio of sodium to potassium. The sodium-to-potassium ratio was associated with cardiovascular disease incidence during an average follow-up period of 12 years. The estimated hazard ratio for a 20% increase in the sodium-to-potassium ratio was 1.13 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04, 1.22) for coronary heart disease, 1.20 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.42) for heart failure, and 1.11 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.19) for a composite cardiovascular disease outcome. The association with total stroke was not significant, but it was positive for ischemic stroke and inverse for hemorrhagic stroke. Aside from hemorrhagic stroke, corresponding associations of cardiovascular disease with sodium and potassium jointly were positive for sodium and inverse for potassium, although some were not statistically significant. Specifically, for coronary heart disease, the hazard ratios for 20% increases were 1.11 (95% CI: 0.95, 1.30) for sodium and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.99) for potassium; and corresponding values for heart failure were 1.36 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.82) for sodium and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.69, 1.18) for potassium.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.