ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2017
Paternal Risk Factors for Oral Clefts in Northern Africans, Southeast Asians, and Central Americans.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The influence of environmental exposures during the preconception period on offspring outcomes: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Cleft Lip with or without palate in seven countries with two income levels: a cross-sectional study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- The Global Occurrences of Cleft Lip and Palate in Pediatric Patients and Their Association with Demographic Factors: A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Modifiable Risk Factors of Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Cleft Lip and Palate Research in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Scientometric Analysis.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2022Article
- The role of smoke from cooking indoors over an open flame and parental smoking on the risk of cleft lip and palate: A case- control study in 7 low-resource countries.Journal of global health · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
While several studies have investigated maternal exposures as risk factors for oral clefts, few have examined paternal factors. We conducted an international multi-centered case-control study to better understand paternal risk exposures for oral clefts (cases = 392 and controls = 234). Participants were recruited from local hospitals and oral cleft repair surgical missions in Vietnam, the Philippines, Honduras, and Morocco. Questionnaires were administered to fathers and mothers separately to elicit risk factor and family history data. Associations between paternal exposures and risk of clefts were assessed using logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders. A father's personal/family history of clefts was associated with significantly increased risk (adjusted OR: 4.77; 95% CI: 2.41-9.45). No other significant associations were identified for other suspected risk factors, including education (none/primary school v. university adjusted OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 0.74-2.24), advanced paternal age (5-year adjusted OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.84-1.16), or pre-pregnancy tobacco use (adjusted OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.67-1.37). Although sample size was limited, significantly decreased risks were observed for fathers with selected occupations. Further research is needed to investigate paternal environmental exposures as cleft risk factors.
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