Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28627024›Full record

ArticleJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle2017

The applicability of a weight loss grading system in cancer cachexia: a longitudinal analysis.

Ola Magne Vagnildhaug, David Blum, Andrew Wilcock, Peter Fayers, Florian Strasser, Vickie E Baracos, Marianne J Hjermstad, Stein Kaasa, Barry Laird, Tora S Solheim and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Nutritional interventions in elderly gastrointestinal cancer patients: the evidence from randomized controlled trials.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2019
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  15. Understanding cachexia and its impact on lung cancer and beyond.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Ola Magne VagnildhaugEuropean Palliative Care Research Centre (PRC), Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
David BlumEuropean Palliative Care Research Centre (PRC), Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Andrew WilcockNottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
Peter FayersEuropean Palliative Care Research Centre (PRC), Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Florian StrasserOncological Palliative Medicine, Section Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine and Palliative Care Centre, Cantonal Hospital, St Gallen, Switzerland.
Vickie E BaracosDivision of Palliative Care Medicine, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Marianne J HjermstadEuropean Palliative Care Research Centre (PRC), Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Stein KaasaEuropean Palliative Care Research Centre (PRC), Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Barry LairdEuropean Palliative Care Research Centre (PRC), Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Tora S SolheimEuropean Palliative Care Research Centre (PRC), Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, NTNU-Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
European Palliative Care Cancer Symptom study group

Funding

Marie Curie MCCC-RP-16-A20997
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA body mass index (BMI) adjusted weight loss grading system (WLGS) is related to survival in patients with cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the applicability of the WLGS by confirming its prognostic validity, evaluating its relationship to cachexia domains, and exploring its ability to predict cachexia progression.

methodsAn international, prospective observational study of patients with incurable cancer was conducted. For each patient, weight loss grade was scored 0-4. Weight loss grade 0 represents a high BMI with limited weight loss, progressing through to weight loss grade 4 representing low BMI and a high degree of weight loss. Survival analyses were used to confirm prognostic validity. Analyses of variance were used to evaluate the relationship between the WLGS and cachexia domains [anorexia, dietary intake, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), and physical and emotional functioning]. Cox regression was used to evaluate if the addition of cachexia domains to the WLGS improved prognostic accuracy. Predictive ability of cachexia progression was assessed by estimating proportion of patients progressing to a more advanced weight loss grade.

resultsOne thousand four hundred six patients were analysed (median age 66 years; 50% female, 63% KPS ≤ 70). The overall effect of the WLGS on survival was significant as expressed by change in -2 log likelihood (P < 0.001) and persisted after adjustment for age, sex, and cancer type and stage (P < 0.001). Median survival decreased across the weight loss grades ranging from 407 days (95% CI 312-502)-weight loss grade 0 to 119 days (95% CI 93-145)-weight loss grade 4. All cachexia domains significantly deteriorated with increasing weight loss grade, and deterioration was greatest for dietary intake, with a difference corresponding to 0.87 standard deviations between weight loss grades 0 and 4. The addition of KPS, anorexia, and physical and emotional functioning improved the prognostic accuracy of the WLGS. Likelihood of cachexia progression was greater in patients with weight loss grade 2 (39%) than that with weight loss grade 0 (19%) or 1 (22%).

conclusionsThe WLGS is related to survival, cachexia domains, and the likelihood of progression. Adding certain cachexia domains to the WLGS improves prognostic accuracy.

Indexed as

Weight LossAgedAged, 80 and overCachexiaCombined Modality TherapyFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasmsNutritional StatusPrognosisSeverity of Illness IndexSurvival AnalysisTreatment OutcomeCachexiaClassificationNeoplasmsNutritional statusSurvivalWeight loss

Identifiers

PMID28627024
PMCPMC5659057

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.