ArticlePreventive medicine2017
Undermining government tax policies: Common legal strategies employed by the tobacco industry in response to tobacco tax increases.
Article in Preventive medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Tobacco industry pricing strategies in response to excise tax policies: a systematic review.Tobacco control · 2023Pooled it
- Tobacco Couponing: A Systematic Review of Exposures and Effects on Tobacco Initiation and Cessation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Pooled it
- Antismoking Advertisements and Price Promotions and Their Association With the Urge to Smoke and Purchases in a Virtual Convenience Store: Randomized Experiment.Journal of medical Internet research · 2019Trial
- How has the tobacco industry passed tax changes through to consumers in 12 sub-Saharan African countries?Tobacco control · 2025Article
- Expansion of low-price cigarette market and its implications for cigarette tax revenue: Evidence from Bangladesh.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- The longitudinal association between coupon receipt and established cigarette smoking initiation among young adults in USA.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Examining the Problems and Solutions to Facilitate the Payment and Receipt of Health Taxes.Iranian journal of public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Changes in retail cigarette price after tax increase: Findings from the 2018-2020 ITC Vietnam surveys.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Tax and noncommunicable diseases attributable to tobacco and alcohol consumption in 5 Sub-Saharan African countries.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Tobacco industry pricing strategies for single cigarettes and multistick packs after excise tax increases in Colombia.Tobacco control · 2023Article
- Impacts of Tax and Flavor Tobacco Policies on San Francisco Bay Area Tobacco Prices.Evaluation review · 2023Article
- Taxation of tobacco, alcohol, and sugar-sweetened beverages: reviewing the evidence and dispelling the myths.BMJ global health · 2023Review
- Follow the money: a closer look at US tobacco industry marketing expenditures.Tobacco control · 2023Article
- The Longitudinal Association Between Cigarette Coupon Receipt and Short-term Smoking Cessation Among US Adults.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- The role of taxation measures in the management of harmful products, services, and practices in Iran: a qualitative study.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Analysing the trend of illicit tobacco in the Philippines from 1998 to 2018.Tobacco control · 2022Article
- The potential distributional health and financial benefits of increased tobacco taxes in Ethiopia: Findings from a modeling study.SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Health Taxes on Tobacco, Alcohol, Food and Drinks in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review of Policy Content, Actors, Process and Context.International journal of health policy and management · 2022Article
- The 20-year impact of tobacco price and tobacco control expenditure increases in Minnesota, 1998-2017.PloS one · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Effective tobacco tax increases reduce tobacco consumption, threatening the profitability of the tobacco industry. In response, the tobacco industry employs strategies to negate or minimize the full effects of tobacco tax increases. By interacting with various government agencies and non-governmental organizations we identified seven such strategies: stockpiling, changing product attributes or production processes, lowering prices, over-shifting prices, under-shifting prices, timing of price increases, and engaging in price discrimination and/or offering promotions. Each strategy is described in terms of the motivation for their employment, the consequences for tobacco use and tax revenue, and measures to counter them. Country case studies illustrate the successful execution of the strategies and possible government responses. Many of the tobacco industry's responses to tobacco tax increases are predictable, since they are being employed systematically across countries. Governments can and should adopt appropriate measures to eliminate or reduce tobacco industry manipulation. This requires systematic data collection in order to monitor tobacco industry behavior.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.