Observational studyJournal of diabetes science and technology2017
The Impact of Structured Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose Combined With Intensive Education on HbA1c Levels, Hospitalizations, and Quality-of-Life Parameters in Insulin-Treated Patients With Diabetes at Primary Care in Serbia: The Multicenter SPA-EDU Study.
Observational study in Journal of diabetes science and technology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Diabetes self-management education and its association with hospital admissions and premature mortality: A scoping review and meta-analysis.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose on Glycaemic Control Among Insulin-Treated Patients With Diabetes Mellitus in Northeastern Tanzania: A Randomised Controlled Trial.Journal of diabetes research · 2024Trial
- Use of a Novel, Remotely Connected Diabetes Management System Is Associated with Increased Treatment Satisfaction, Reduced Diabetes Distress, and Improved Glycemic Control in Individuals with Insulin-Treated Diabetes: First Results from the Personal Diabetes Management Study.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2017Trial
- Effects of a Digital Health Intervention for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Health Care Resource Use and Health Care Charges in the United States: Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Dynamics and determinants of long-term quality of life in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: real-world evidence from China.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Association between diabetes self-management education attendance, hospital admissions and mortality in type 2 diabetes: A cohort analysis protocol.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- Web-Based, Algorithm-Guided Insulin Titration in Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes: Pre-Post Intervention Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Frequent Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose Correlated to Better Medication Adherence and Glycemic Control in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Article
- Article
- Glycemic Status Assessment by the Latest Glucose Monitoring Technologies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Article
- Diabetes in South African older adults: prevalence and impact on quality of life and functional disability - as assessed using SAGE Wave 1 data.Global health action · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe assessed the effect of structured self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), in combination with intensive education, on metabolic control, SMBG frequency, hospitalizations, cardiovascular risk factors, and quality-of-life parameters in patients with insulin-treated diabetes in primary health care settings in Serbia.
methodsThis 6-month, observational, noninterventional study, followed 346 insulin-treated diabetes patients (type 1 diabetes [T1D], n = 57; type 2 diabetes [T2D], n = 289) from 28 primary care centers. Patients attended a 10-day course at the specialized educational center and were followed monthly by their primary care physicians. Patients used a simple paper tool to document 3-day, 7-point glucose profiles prior to each monthly clinic visit. Physicians reviewed the completed forms at each visit and used a standardized education program to provide remedial training. Changes in HbA1c levels, SMBG frequency, metabolic risk factors, and Diabetes Distress Scale (DDS) were assessed.
resultsMean (± SD) HbA1c within the full cohort was significantly improved from baseline at 6 months (8.85 ± 1.17% vs 7.91 ± 1.24%, P < .01). Significant increases in average SMBG frequency per week were seen at 6 months versus baseline (14.6/week vs 4.3/week, P < .001). The mean (± SE) number of hospitalizations due to metabolic conditions was significantly lower during the 6-month study compared to the 6-month period prior to the study (0.14 ± 0.04 vs 0.59 ± 0.09). DDS scores decreased from 39.6 ± 13.9 to 33.9 ± 14.5, P < .01.
conclusionThe use of structured SMBG combined with intensive education was associated with clinically significant reductions in HbA1c, increased SMBG frequency, and improved quality of life.
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