ArticleContraception2017
Effects of intrauterine contraception on the vaginal microbiota.
Article in Contraception, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of contraceptive methods on the vaginal microbiome and host immune factors.Contraception · 2025Trial
- The association between lifestyle factors and the composition of the vaginal microbiota: a review.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2024Review
- Characteristics of Vaginal Microbiota of Women of Reproductive Age with Infections.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Uterine fibroids and longitudinal profiles of the vaginal microbiota in a cohort presenting for transvaginal ultrasound.PloS one · 2024Article
- Contraceptive effects on the cervicovaginal microbiome: Recent evidence including randomized trials.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2023Review
- Article
- Vaginal microbiota of adolescents and their mothers: A preliminary study of vertical transmission and persistence.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2023Article
- The microbiome in reproductive health: protocol for a systems biology approach using a prospective, observational study design.Human reproduction open · 2022Review
- The impact of contraceptives on the vaginal microbiome in the non-pregnant state.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2022Review
- Vaginal Microbiota of the Sexually Transmitted Infections Caused byMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Reviewing the Composition of Vaginal Microbiota: Inclusion of Nutrition and Probiotic Factors in the Maintenance of Eubiosis.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Midtrimester microbial DNA variations in maternal serum of women who experience spontaneous preterm birth.The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians · 2020Article
- Hormonal Contraception and Vaginal Infections Among Couples Who Are Human Immunodeficiency Virus Serodiscordant in Lusaka, Zambia.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2019Article
- Deciphering the effect of reproductive tract microbiota on human reproduction.Reproductive medicine and biology · 2019Review
- Impact of contraceptive initiation on vaginal microbiota.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThere have been conflicting reports of altered vaginal microbiota and infection susceptibility associated with contraception use. The objectives of this study were to determine if intrauterine contraception altered the vaginal microbiota and to compare the effects of a copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD) and a levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) on the vaginal microbiota. STUDY
designDNA was isolated from the vaginal swab samples of 76 women using Cu-IUD (n=36) or LNG-IUS (n=40) collected prior to insertion of intrauterine contraception (baseline) and at 6 months. A third swab from approximately 12 months following insertion was available for 69 (Cu-IUD, n=33; LNG-IUS, n=36) of these women. The V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA-encoding gene was amplified from the vaginal swab DNA and sequenced. The 16S rRNA gene sequences were processed and analyzed using the software package mothur to compare the structure and dynamics of the vaginal bacterial communities.
resultsThe vaginal microbiota from individuals in this study clustered into 3 major vaginal bacterial community types: one dominated by Lactobacillus iners, one dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus and one community type that was not dominated by a single Lactobacillus species. Changes in the vaginal bacterial community composition were not associated with the use of Cu-IUD or LNG-IUS. Additionally, we did not observe a clear difference in vaginal microbiota stability with Cu-IUD versus LNG-IUS use.
conclusionsAlthough the vaginal microbiota can be highly dynamic, alterations in the community associated with the use of intrauterine contraception (Cu-IUD or LNG-IUS) were not detected over 12 months. IMPLICATIONS: We found no evidence that intrauterine contraception (Cu-IUD or LNG-IUS) altered the vaginal microbiota composition. Therefore, the use of intrauterine contraception is unlikely to shift the composition of the vaginal microbiota such that infection susceptibility is altered.
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Registered trials
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