Evidence map›Paper›PMID 28624180›Full record

ArticleThe lancet. Psychiatry2017

Effect of implementation of a smoke-free policy on physical violence in a psychiatric inpatient setting: an interrupted time series analysis.

Debbie Robson, Gilda Spaducci, Ann McNeill, Duncan Stewart, Tom J K Craig, Mary Yates, Lisa Szatkowski

Erratum issuedAbstract readComparative Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The lancet. Psychiatry, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. [Nicotine consumption in childhood and adolescence-fundamentals and considerations for handling the topic in child and adolescent psychiatric settings].Neuropsychiatrie : Klinik, Diagnostik, Therapie und Rehabilitation : Organ der Gesellschaft Osterreichischer Nervenarzte und Psychiater · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Debbie RobsonAddictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London, UK. Electronic address: deborah.robson@kcl.ac.uk.
Gilda SpaducciHealth Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK.
Ann McNeillAddictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London, UK.
Duncan StewartMental Health and Addiction Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Heslington, York, UK.
Tom J K CraigHealth Services and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK.
Mary YatesSouth London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Beckenham, Kent, UK.
Lisa SzatkowskiDivision of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK; UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/K023195/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSmoke-free policies are important to protect health and reduce health inequalities. A major barrier to policy implementation in psychiatric hospitals is staff concern that physical violence will increase. We aimed to assess the effect of implementing a comprehensive smoke-free policy on rates of physical assaults in a large UK mental health organisation.

methodsWe did an interrupted time series analysis of incident reports of physical assault 30 months before and 12 months after the implementation of the policy in the inpatient wards of South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK. We used a quasi-Poisson generalised additive mixed model to model the monthly incidence of physical assaults as a function of several explanatory variables.

findings4550 physical assaults took place between April 1, 2012, and Sept 30, 2015; 225 (4·9%) of which were smoking-related. After adjustment for temporal and seasonal trends and key confounders (sex, age, schizophrenia or related disorders, or having been sectioned under the Mental Health Act), there was a 39% reduction in the number of physical assaults per month after the policy introduction compared with beforehand (incidence rate ratio 0·61, 95% CI 0·53-0·70; p<0·0001).

interpretationIntroduction of a comprehensive smoke-free policy appeared to reduce the incidence of physical assaults. Adequately resourced smoke-free policies could be part of broader violence reduction strategies in psychiatric settings.

fundingNational Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care South London (King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust).

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultFemaleHospitals, PsychiatricHumansInterrupted Time Series AnalysisMaleMental Health ServicesMiddle AgedPhysical AbuseSmoking CessationUnited KingdomViolenceYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID28624180

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.