Trial reportScientific reports2017
Postprandial metabolic response of breast-fed infants and infants fed lactose-free vs regular infant formula: A randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Scientific reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02441296 (Postprandial Serum Responses to Various Infant Formulas and Breast Milk in Infants- a Pilot Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Postprandial Serum Responses to Various Infant Formulas and Breast Milk in Infants- a Pilot Study
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Infants Fed Breastmilk or 2'-FL Supplemented Formula Have Similar Systemic Levels of Microbiota-Derived Secondary Bile Acids.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Comparison of the acute metabolic effect of different infant formulas and human milk in healthy adults: a randomized trial.Nutrition & diabetes · 2021Trial
- Fecal microbiome and metabolome of infants fed bovine MFGM supplemented formula or standard formula with breast-fed infants as reference: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Carbohydrate composition of infant formula and glycemic regulation in early infancy using continuous glucose monitoring: cross-sectional evidence of altered glucose patterns with corn syrup solid-based formulas.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Observational
- Functional gut variability drives metabolic and transcriptional features in neonatal piglets.NPJ science of food · 2025Article
- NMR-Based Metabolomic Profiling Highlights Functional Nutritional Gaps Between Human Milk, Infant Formulas, and Animal Milks.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Are "Free From" Foods Risk-Free? Lactose-Free Milk Fermentation Modulates Normal Colon in a Gut Microbiota in Vitro Model.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- The role of alpha-lactalbumin in modulating tryptophan metabolism and serotonin synthesis.NPJ science of food · 2025Article
- White Adipocyte Stem Cell Expansion Through Infant Formula Feeding: New Insights into Epigenetic Programming Explaining the Early Protein Hypothesis of Obesity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- US infant formulas contain primarily added sugars: An analysis of infant formulas on the US market.Journal of food composition and analysis : an official publication of the United Nations University, International Network of Food Data Systems · 2025Article
- Term infant formula macronutrient composition: An update for clinicians.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2025Review
- Interaction between breastfeeding duration and an obesity genetic risk score to predict body fat composition in European adolescents: The HELENA study.Pediatric obesity · 2025Article
- Human milkFrontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Altered Nutrient Composition of Lactose-Reduced Infant Formula.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Evidence for human milk as a biological system and recommendations for study design-a report from "Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)" Working Group 4.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2023Article
- Taste Responses and Ingestive Behaviors to Ingredients of Fermented Milk in Mice.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Glucose variability in 6-12-month-old healthy infants.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Urine Metabolomic Profile of Breast- versus Formula-Fed Neonates Using a Synbiotic-Enriched Formula.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Metabolic impact of infant formulas in young infants. An outlook from the urine metabolome.Heliyon · 2022Article
- Metabolic Phenotype and Microbiome of Infants Fed Formula ContainingFrontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lactose intolerance is a major concern driving the growth of lactose-free foods including lactose-free infant formula. It is unknown what the metabolic consequence is of consumption of a formula where lactose has been replaced with corn syrup solids (CSS). Here, a randomized double-blinded intervention study was conducted where exclusively formula-fed infants were fed formula containing either lactose or CSS-based infant formula and compared with an equal number of exclusively breast-fed infants. Plasma metabolites and insulin were measured at baseline, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min after feeding. Differences in plasma metabolite profiles for formula-fed infants included a rapid increase in circulating amino acids, creatinine and urea compared with breast-fed infants. At 120 min post-feeding, insulin was significantly elevated in formula-fed compared with breast-fed infants. Infants fed lactose-based formula had the highest levels of glucose at 120 min, and leucine, isoleucine, valine and proline at 90 and 120 min, whereas infants fed CSS-based formula had the lowest levels of non-esterified fatty acids at all time points, and glucose at 120 min. Overall, these differences highlight that changes in infant formula composition impact infant metabolism, and show that metabolomics is a powerful tool to help with development of improved infant formulas.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.