ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2017
Age-related patterns in nonmedical prescription opioid use and disorder in the US population at ages 12-34 from 2002 to 2014.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prolonged opioid use after surgery in children, adolescents, and young adults: a systematic review.Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie · 2025Pooled it
- Non-medical opioid (NMO) use in Canadian adolescents: Trends, risk factors, and regional variations.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2026Article
- The severity of Tramadol misuse among youth in urban informal settlements in Ghana: patterns, co-use, and sociodemographic factors.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Generational and Gender Patterns of Prescription Opioid Misuse Among Black Adults.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2024Article
- User-Guided Enhancements to a Technology-Facilitated Resilience Program to Address Opioid Risks Following Traumatic Injury in Youth: Qualitative Interview Study.JMIR formative research · 2023Article
- Economic Evaluation Design within the HEAL Prevention Cooperative.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2023Article
- The intergenerational persistence of opioid dependence: Evidence from administrative data.Health economics · 2022Article
- Longitudinal trajectories of prescription opioid misuse in adolescents.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Guidelines for Opioid Prescribing in Children and Adolescents After Surgery: An Expert Panel Opinion.JAMA surgery · 2021Review
- Adolescent and Adult Correlates of Prescription Opioid Use and Misuse in Adulthood: Associations Across Domains of Despair.Substance use & misuse · 2021Article
- Prevalence and Health Characteristics of Prescription Opioid Use, Misuse, and Use Disorders Among U.S. Adolescents.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2020Article
- Effects of Interim Buprenorphine Treatment for opioid use disorder among emerging adults.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Heterogeneity in Prescription Opioid Pain Reliever Misuse Across Age Groups: 2015-2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.Journal of general internal medicine · 2020Article
- Prescription opioid misuse among adolescents and emerging adults in the United States: A scoping review.Preventive medicine · 2020Article
- Sources of Misused Prescription Opioids and Their Association with Prescription Opioid Use Disorder in the United States: Sex and Age Differences.Substance use & misuse · 2020Article
- Prescription Drug Misuse: Taking a Lifespan Perspective.Substance abuse : research and treatment · 2020Review
- Reasons for non-medical use of prescription opioids among young adults: Role of educational status.Preventive medicine · 2019Article
- Medical Use and Misuse of Prescription Opioids in the US Adult Population: 2016-2017.American journal of public health · 2019Article
- Heavy Drinking and Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs among University Students: A 9-Year Follow-Up.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo estimate age-related patterns in nonmedical prescription opioid (NMPO) use in the US population and disorder among past-year users at ages 12-34 between 2002 and 2014, controlling for period and birth-cohort effects.
methodsData are from 13 consecutive cross-sectional National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (N=542,556). Synthetic longitudinal cohorts spanning ages 12-34 were created and an age-period-cohort analysis was implemented based on the Intrinsic Estimator algorithm.
resultsIn every birth cohort, past-year NMPO use increases during adolescence, peaks at ages 18-21, decreases through ages 30-34; disorder among past-year users increases from ages 18-21 through 30-34. Use at ages 12-34 decreased from the 1984-87 birth cohorts to more recently-born cohorts. Peak prevalence of use at ages 18-21 has also decreased, and the rates of increase from ages 14-17 to ages 18-21 are slowing down. Disorder at ages 18-34 increased from the 1976-79 to 1992-95 cohorts, but decreased at ages 12-17 from the 1992-95 to the most recently-born 2000-02 cohorts. The years 2010-2014 were characterized by lower NMPO use but higher disorder than 2002-2009.
conclusionsIncreasing NMPO disorder among users aged 18-34 warrants concern. However, declining NMPO use among 12-34 year-olds, a declining rate of increase from adolescence to early adulthood, and a suggestive decline in disorder among the most recent adolescent cohorts may forecast a potential reduction in the public health crisis associated with NMPO drugs.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.