SynthesisInternational journal of molecular sciences2017
Targeting Autophagy in Cancer: Update on Clinical Trials and Novel Inhibitors.
Synthesis in International journal of molecular sciences, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04340349 (Low-dose Hydroxychloroquine and Bromhexine), which is not on this map. Cited by 204 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Low-dose Hydroxychloroquine and Bromhexine: a Novel Regimen for COVID-19 Prophylaxis in Healthcare Professionals (ELEVATE Trial)
Who cites it
204 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)Autophagy · 2021Guideline
- Targeting autophagy for combating chemoresistance and radioresistance in glioblastoma.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2018Pooled it
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- Dual targeting of SLC6A14 and autophagy/macropinocytosis enhances therapeutic efficacy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.The Biochemical journal · 2026Article
- Coumarins as modulators of autophagy and PI3K/mTOR signaling: implications for next-generation cancer therapies.Biomedical journal · 2026Review
- Emerging perspectives in proteostasis: bridging mechanisms and therapeutics for human diseases.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Expansion of IL-2-independent tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes through a feeder-free process: a preclinical study for solid tumors.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Article
- Autophagy Modulation in Cancer Immunotherapy, Emerging Molecular Targets and Drug Selection Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Targeting autophagy in dysfunctional tumor vasculature.iScience · 2025Review
- Targeting autophagy and metabolism for ewing sarcoma.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
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- Enhancing Anticancer Effects: Targeted Doxorubicin Delivery Using UiO-66-NHJournal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2025Article
- Erythrabyssin ll is identified as a late-stage autophagy inhibitor reversing chemoresistance and promoting apoptosis in ovarian cancer.iScience · 2025Article
- AI-driven discovery of synergistic drug combinations against pancreatic cancer.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Autophagy in adult stem cell homeostasis, aging, and disease therapy.Cell regeneration (London, England) · 2025Review
- A Phase I Trial to Determine the Safety and Tolerability of Autophagy Inhibition Using Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine in Combination with Carboplatin and Gemcitabine in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumorsced solid tumors.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Article
- Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of an Autophagy Inhibitor That Targets the ATG14L-Beclin1 Protein-Protein Interaction Reveal Modifications That Improve Potency and Solubility and Maintain Selectivity.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Calnexin promotes glioblastoma progression by inducing protective mitophagy through the MEK/ERK/BNIP3 pathway.Theranostics · 2025Article
144 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Eukaryotes use autophagy as a mechanism for maintaining cellular homeostasis by degrading and recycling organelles and proteins. This process assists in the proliferation and survival of advanced cancers. There is mounting preclinical evidence that targeting autophagy can enhance the efficacy of many cancer therapies. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is the only clinically-approved autophagy inhibitor, and this systematic review focuses on HCQ use in cancer clinical trials. Preclinical trials have shown that HCQ alone and in combination therapy leads to enhancement of tumor shrinkage. This has provided the base for multiple ongoing clinical trials involving HCQ alone and in combination with other treatments. However, due to its potency, there is still a need for more potent and specific autophagy inhibitors. There are multiple autophagy inhibitors in the pre-clinical stage at various stages of development. Additional studies on the mechanism of HCQ and other autophagy inhibitors are still required to answer questions surrounding how these agents will eventually be used in the clinic.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.